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The co-phytotoxicity of two Asteraceae invasive plants Solidago canadensis L. and Bidens pilosa L. with different invasion degrees

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Abstract

The phytotoxicity of invasive plants (IPS) has been identified as one of the main factors influencing their invasion success. The invasion of IPS can occur to varying degrees in the habitats. Two IPS can invade one habitat. This study aimed to evaluate the mono- and co-phytotoxicity of two Asteraceae IPS Solidago canadensis L. and Bidens pilosa L. with different invasion degrees (including light invasion (relative abundance <50%) and heavy invasion (relative abundance ≥50%)) on the horticultural Asteraceae species Lactuca sativa L., through a hydroponic experiment conducted on 9 cm Petri dishes. Leaf extracts of the two IPS can cause significant mono- and co-phytotoxicity. The mono- and co-phytotoxicity of the two IPS were concentration-dependent. The mono-phytotoxicity of S. canadensis was significantly increased with increasing invasion degree, but the opposite was true for the mono-phytotoxicity of B. pilosa. Leaf extracts of B. pilosa with light invasion caused stronger phytotoxicity than those of S. canadensis with light invasion. There may be an antagonistic effect for the co-phytotoxicity caused by mixed leaf extracts of the two IPS compared with those of either S. canadensis or B. pilosa. The phytotoxicity of the two IPS on the growth performance of neighboring plants may play a more important role in their mono-invasion than in their co-invasion. The phytotoxicity appeared to affect the growth performance of S. canadensis individuals more significantly when the invasion was heavy, while the growth performance of B. pilosa individuals seemed to be more influenced by phytotoxicity when the invasion was light. Consequently, the concentration of leaf extracts of IPS, the invasion degree of IPS, the species identity of IPS, and the species number of IPS modulated the mono- and co-phytotoxicity of the two IPS.

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Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments that greatly improved the clarity of this manuscript.

Funding

This study was funded by Special Research Project of School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University (Grant No.: KY-C-01), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.: 32071521), Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Technology Innovation Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No.: BK20220030), and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment (no grant number).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China

    Zhelun Xu, Shanshan Zhong, Yue Li, Chuang Li, Zhongyi Xu, Mawei Zhu, Congyan Wang & Daolin Du

  2. School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China

    Zhelun Xu, Shanshan Zhong, Yue Li, Chuang Li, Zhongyi Xu, Mawei Zhu, Congyan Wang & Daolin Du

  3. Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contigency Management for Emerging Polluants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China

    Zhelun Xu, Shanshan Zhong, Yue Li, Chuang Li, Zhongyi Xu, Mawei Zhu, Congyan Wang & Daolin Du

  4. Zhenjiang Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang, 212009, China

    Jun Liu

  5. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China

    Congyan Wang & Daolin Du

Authors
  1. Zhelun Xu
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  2. Shanshan Zhong
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  3. Yue Li
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  4. Chuang Li
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  5. Jun Liu
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  7. Mawei Zhu
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  8. Congyan Wang
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  9. Daolin Du
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Contributions

ZX: Data curation; Investigation; Writing—review & editing, SZ: Data curation; Investigation; Methodology; Writing—review & editing, YL: Data curation; Investigation; Writing—review & editing, CL: Data curation; Investigation; Writing—review & editing, JL: Data curation; Investigation; Writing—review & editing, ZX: Data curation; Writing—review & editing, MZ: Data curation; Writing—review & editing, CW: Conceptualization; Formal analysis; Funding acquisition; Project administration; Supervision; Roles/Writing—original draft, DD: Funding acquisition; Project administration; Writing—review & editing.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Congyan Wang or Daolin Du.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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All authors vouch that the work has not been published elsewhere, completely, in part, or in any other form, and that the manuscript has not been submitted to another journal. All other authors have read the manuscript and have agreed to submit it in its current form for consideration for publication in the Journal. We further confirm that the order of authors listed in the manuscript has been approved by all of us.

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These authors contributed equally: Zhelun Xu, Shanshan Zhong

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Xu, Z., Zhong, S., Li, Y. et al. The co-phytotoxicity of two Asteraceae invasive plants Solidago canadensis L. and Bidens pilosa L. with different invasion degrees. Ecotoxicology 32, 1221–1232 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-023-02716-w

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