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Wetland water quality patterns and anthropogenic pressure associations across the continental USA

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Abstract

Anthropogenic impacts on lake and stream water quality are well established but have been much less studied in wetlands. Here we use data from the 2016 National Wetland Condition Assessment to characterize water quality and its relationship to anthropogenic pressure for inland wetlands across the conterminous USA. Water samples obtained from 525 inland wetlands spanned pH from < 4 to > 9 and 3 to 5 orders of magnitude in ionic strength (chloride, sulfate, conductivity), nutrients (total N and P), turbidity, planktonic chlorophyll, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Anthropogenic pressure levels were evaluated at two spatial scales – an adjacent scale scored from field checklists, and a catchment scale indicated by percent agricultural plus urban landcover. Pressure at the two spatial scales were uncorrelated and varied considerably across regions and wetland hydrogeomorphic types. Both adjacent- and catchment-scale pressure were associated with elevated ionic-strength metrics; chloride elevation was most evident in road-salt using states, and sulfate was strongly elevated in a few sites with coal mining nearby. Nutrients were elevated in association with catchment-scale pressure but concomitant changes were not seen in planktonic chlorophyll. Acidic pH and high DOC occurred primarily in upper Great Lakes and eastern seaboard sites having low anthropogenic pressure, suggesting natural organic acid sources. Ionic strength and nutrients increased with increasing catchment-scale pressure even in Flats and closed Depression and Lacustrine sites, which indicates connectivity to rather than isolation from upland anthropogenic landuse even for wetlands lacking inflowing streams.

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Data Availability

Data generated by the NWCA are publicly available at the US EPA National Aquatic Resources Surveys website, https://www.epa.gov/waterdata/national-aquatic-resource-surveys-nars.

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Acknowledgements

The 2016 NWCA data set results from the collective efforts of multiple federal, state, and contract field crews and laboratory staff, with planning, logistics, and data management led by U.S. EPA’s Gregg Serenbetz, Mary Kentula, Karen Blocksom, Teresa Magee, and Amanda Nahlik. Portions of this research were performed while author Alan Herlihy held a National Research Council Senior Research Associateship award at the USEPA Research Laboratory in Corvallis, Oregon. Rick Debhout assisted with obtaining StreamCat data, and Robert Sabo and John Stoddard provided helpful reviews as part of the EPA clearance process. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. EPA or any NWCA partner agency.

Funding

The NWCA survey and the position of author Anett Trebitz are directly funded by US EPA, whereas author Alan Herlihy was supported via a US EPA-funded Senior Research Associateship from the National Research Council.

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  1. Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA

    Anett S. Trebitz

  2. Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA

    Alan T. Herlihy

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Both authors contributed to manuscript conception and data analysis. Writing was led by Anett Trebitz, with Alan Herlihy providing suggestions and review. Both authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Anett S. Trebitz.

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Trebitz, A.S., Herlihy, A.T. Wetland water quality patterns and anthropogenic pressure associations across the continental USA. Wetlands 43, 107 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-023-01754-8

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