Abstract
Two novel UV photosensitive micellar systems, trimeric dodecyl anionic–cationic surfactant (TDCC)/trans-OMCA, and trimeric cetyl anionic–cationic surfactant (TCCC)/trans-OMCA, were successfully synthesized by using two different carbon chain length trimeric anionic–cationic surfactants (TACS, including TDCC and TCCC) and the photosensitive additive trans-o-methoxycinnamic acid (trans-OMCA). The incorporation of trans-OMCA resulted in a peak in the zero shear viscosity (η0) of the system at pH = 6.17–6.61. The flow behaviour of the TACS/OMCA system was well described by the Carreau-Yasuda model. Prior to UV irradiation, the TCCC/trans-OMCA system exhibited pronounced shear thinning, thixotropic, and viscoelastic properties. After UV irradiation at 365 nm, the isomerization of trans-OMCA to cis-OMCA caused the disruption of the network structures, leading to a significant decrease in the thixotropic and viscoelastic properties, resulting in a decrease in viscosity. The viscosity reduction rate of the TCCC/trans-OMCA system reached 99 %. The influence of the hydrophobic carbon chain length on the UV responsiveness was also investigated. The TDCC/trans-OMCA system exhibited an 86 % decrease in η0 after UV irradiation, highlighting the favorable effect of longer hydrophobic tail chains in improving the UV responsiveness of the micellar system. The UV light kinetics of the TCCC/trans-OMCA solution were studied and a rheological model was developed to accurately describe the viscosity changes. The TCCC was found to predominantly exhibit cationic characteristics at pH = 6.17–6.61. In this pH range, the 2 wt% TCCC/0.12 wt% NaSal system exhibited excellent viscoelasticity, and the addition of trans-OMCA disrupted the network structure resulting in a decrease in viscosity. After UV irradiation, the viscosity of the system increased by 2.5 times, confirming the potential of the TCCC/NaSal/trans-OMCA micellar system as a UV thickener.
About the authors
Xiaoyang Han received her bachelor’s degree in Energy Engineering from Henan Polytechnic University, People’s Republic of China in 2021. She is currently a Master’s student in chemical engineering and technology at East China University of Science and Technology. Her studies focus on rheology of viscoelastic surfactants.
Wenting Xu received her bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering and technology from Nanjing Tech University, People’s Republic of China in 2020. She obtained her master’s degree in chemical engineering and technology at East China University of Science and Technology in 2023. Her studies focus on rheology of viscoelastic surfactants.
Bo Fang received his bachelor’s degree in organic chemical engineering and his master’s degree in chemical engineering from Qingdao Institute of Chemical Technology. He obtained his Ph.D. in chemical engineering from East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), People’s Republic of China in 1995. He is currently a professor of chemical engineering at ECUST. His studies focus on chemical engineering rheology, including viscoelastic surfactant micelles and their applications, photo-sensitive surfactant, micelles, fracturing fluids rheology and rheokinetics.
Yudie Li received her bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering and technology from Anhui Normal University, People’s Republic of China. She is currently a master’s student in chemical engineering at East China University of Science and Technology. Her studies focus on photosensitive surfactants and their applications.
Zhenrui Tian graduated from Zhejiang University of Science and Technology with a bachelor’s degree in Chemical Engineering and Technology in 2021. He is now a master of Materials and Chemical Engineering in East China University of Science and Technology. His main studies concern the rheology of polymer fracturing fluid.
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Research ethics: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: Xiaoyang Han conceived and designed the study and completed the first draft of the manuscript. Bo Fang and Wenting Xu put forward opinions and suggestions on the research scheme and carried out the research. Yudie Li, Zhenrui Tian drew and analyzed the rheological diagram. All authors contributed to and approved the final draft of the manuscript.
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Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: China’s National Science and Technology Major Project [grant numbers 2017ZX05023003]; PetroChina Science and Technology Management Department Project [grant numbers 2020B-4120].
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Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.
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