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Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with stem cells and antidiabetic drugs: a dualistic and future-focused approach

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Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) accounts for more than 90% of total diabetes mellitus cases all over the world. Obesity and lack of balance between energy intake and energy expenditure are closely linked to T2DM. Initial pharmaceutical treatment and lifestyle interventions can at times lead to remission but usually help alleviate it to a certain extent and the condition remains, thus, recurrent with the patient being permanently pharmaco-dependent. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent, self-renewing cells with the ability to secrete a variety of biological factors that can help restore and repair injured tissues. MSC-derived exosomes possess these properties of the original stem cells and are potentially able to confer superior effects due to advanced cell-to-cell signaling and the presence of stem cell-specific miRNAs. On the other hand, the repository of antidiabetic agents is constantly updated with novel T2DM disease-modifying drugs, with higher efficacy and increasingly convenient delivery protocols. Delving deeply, this review details the latest progress and ongoing studies related to the amalgamation of stem cells and antidiabetic drugs, establishing how this harmonized approach can exert superior effects in the management and potential reversal of T2DM.

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Abbreviations

AGI:

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

AMPK:

AMP-Activated Protein Kinase

ASCs:

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells

BCL-1:

B-cell lymphoma 2

BM-MSCs:

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells

CHIP:

Carboxyl terminus of Hsc70 interacting protein

CKD:

Chronic kidney disease

DN:

Diabetic nephropathy

DPP:

Dipeptidyl-peptidase

DYRK1A:

Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A

FBG:

Fasting blood glucose

FFA:

Free fatty acid

GIP:

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide

GLP:

Glucagon-like polypeptide

GLP-1Ra:

GLP-1 receptor agonists

HbA1C:

Glycated hemoglobin

IPCs:

Insulin-producing cells

IRS-1:

insulin receptor substrate-1

MSC:

Mesenchymal stromal cells

miR-155:

microRNA-155

NAFLD:

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

PDX-1:

Pancreatic duodenal homeobox -1

PPARγ:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

PTEN:

Phosphatase and tensin homolog

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SGLT2:

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

STZ:

Streptozotocin

SUR:

Sulfonylurea receptor

SUs:

Sulfonylureas

T1DM:

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

T2DM:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

TGF:

Transforming growth

TZD:

Thiazolidinediones

UC-MSCs:

Umbilical Cord derived mesenchymal stromal cells

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

WJ-MSCs:

Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stromal cells

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  1. School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India

    Priyamvada Amol Arte, Kanchanlata Tungare & Jyotirmoi Aich

  2. Anatek Services PVT LTD, Sai Chamber, 10, Near Santacruz Railway Bridge, Sen Nagar, Santacruz East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400055, India

    Priyamvada Amol Arte

  3. Inveniolife Technology PVT LTD, Office No.118, Grow More Tower, Plot No.5, Sector 2, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India

    Mustansir Bhori

  4. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410206, India

    Renitta Jobby

  5. Amity Centre of Excellence in Astrobiology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410206, India

    Renitta Jobby

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PA: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, software, validation, visualization, original draft, review, and editing; KT: original draft, review, and editing; MB: review, and editing; RJ: software, review, and editing; JA: formal analysis, original draft, supervision, review, and editing.

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Arte, P.A., Tungare, K., Bhori, M. et al. Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with stem cells and antidiabetic drugs: a dualistic and future-focused approach. Human Cell 37, 54–84 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13577-023-01007-0

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