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pH-Triggered Dynamic Carrier-Free Nanodrugs Self-Assembled from Dasatinib and Chlorambucil with a Potential for Precise Tumoral Targeting Theranostic

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Abstract

Purpose

Dynamic carrier-free theranostic nanodrugs are in great demand, owing to their extraordinary high drug loading, enhanced targeting therapy, and panoramic tracking of the drug behaviors. Herein, this work highlights a successful development of pH-triggered dynamic carrier-free nanodrugs for precise tumoral targeting theragnostic, which are established through self-assembly between dasatinib (DAS) and chlorambucil (CLB).

Methods

The study has proved the structure, change in particle size and zeta potential, fluorescence transition, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity as well as biosafety of the carrier-free nanodrugs. The nanodrugs are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, Dynamic light scattering, and Microplate reader. Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity assay are conducted for free drugs and their nanodrugs using tumor cell lines including A549, HepG2, K562, and THP1. ICR mice are applied to evaluate the biosafety of nanodrugs.

Results

The introduction of CLB into DAS nanoparticles can successfully redshift the emission wavelength from 420 to 810 nm. Moreover, the nanodrugs exhibit a dynamic fluorescence intensity conversion via tumoral intracellular gradual quenching of Aggregation-induced emission (AIE). This characteristic is beneficial to the precise monitoring of tumoral intracellular drug behaviors. Furthermore, the nanodrugs show a small-to-large size transition from 175 nm to more than 500 nm in 12 h and surficial charge reversal from −2.3 mV to more than 0.2 mV by protonation at tumoral pHs. These superior properties facilitate the improved cellular uptake and synergistic cytotoxicity on various types of tumor cells.

Conclusion

The study shows that nanodrugs made of DAS and CLB that can self-assemble without carriers under different pH levels may be ready for testing in tumor targeting, and might someday be helpful for diagnosis and treatment in the future.

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Data Availability

The datasets used in this investigation are accessible for review upon request from the corresponding author of the paper.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Anhui Medical University and Anhui University for the technical assistance, as well as the staff of the Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, and Department of Oncology Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College Bengbu.

Funding

This work was supported by the Bengbu Science and Technology Innovation Guidance Project (No. 20220130), the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (No. 2208085MH242), and the Natural Science Key Project of Bengbu Medical College (2021byzd189).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, People’s Republic of China

    Yuanpeng Wang & Jiachi Ma

  2. Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, People’s Republic of China

    Yuanpeng Wang, Shaobo Zhou & Liang Chu

  3. Department of Oncology Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College Bengbu, Bengbu, 233000, People’s Republic of China

    Chensong Zhang & Jiachi Ma

  4. Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, People’s Republic of China

    Wei Fang

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  1. Yuanpeng Wang
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by YW, CZ, LC, and SZ. The first draft of the manuscript was written by WF and JM, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Wei Fang or Jiachi Ma.

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Wang, Y., Zhang, C., Zhou, S. et al. pH-Triggered Dynamic Carrier-Free Nanodrugs Self-Assembled from Dasatinib and Chlorambucil with a Potential for Precise Tumoral Targeting Theranostic. J Pharm Innov 18, 2419–2428 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-023-09801-x

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