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Defoliator attack (Diorhabda lusca maulik) on Kharik (Celtis australis L.): effect on nutritive value, phenology and biomass productivity

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Abstract

Climate change continues to present global challenges for farmers’ livelihoods. Celtis australis (kharik) is one of the versatile multipurpose tree species, that provides quality fodder, particularly during the lean periods and fulfils the needs of rural communities for sustenance. Unfortunately, owing to significant defoliant attacks, tree phenology and forage availability og this species have changed in recent years. Therefore, the present study was conducted during four seasons (spring, summer, rainy, and winter) in three diameter classes (< 10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm) under defoliated and undefoliated tree conditions to assess the alteration in phenology, nutritive value and leaf biomass productivity of kharik. The study revealed that under undefoliated trees, the leaf nutrients (dry matter, ether extract, crude fibre, total ash content, acid insoluble ash, acid fibre content and neutral detergent fibre content) were highest during the summer in 20–30 cm diameter class, except for crude protein, nitrogen-free extract, organic matter and total carbohydrate contents. In defoliated trees, the tree nutrients, namely phosphorus (0.28%) and calcium (12.50%) were highest in winter. However, the leaf antinutrients, i.e., tannins and phenolic content were maximum in the spring season in 20–30 cm diameter class under defoliated and undefoliated tree conditions. Overall, the defoliation of kharik resulted in changed phenology, a marked decline in the crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, organic matter content, and leaf and branch biomass productivity vis-à-vis undefoliated ones. Simultaneously, defoliated trees retain their leaves until winter thus providing fodder availability during scarcity season. However, continued insect attacks may have a negative impact on kharik’s health; thus, a timely effective pest management strategy is required to be devised.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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  1. Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, 173230, India

    Vaishali Sharma, D. R. Bhardwaj, Dhirender Kumar, Prashant Sharma & Rohit Bishist

  2. Department of Entomology, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, 173230, India

    Subhash Chander Verma

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Sharma, V., Bhardwaj, D.R., Kumar, D. et al. Defoliator attack (Diorhabda lusca maulik) on Kharik (Celtis australis L.): effect on nutritive value, phenology and biomass productivity. Agroforest Syst 98, 551–566 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-023-00929-w

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