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Terminology and Mechanisms of Self-Emulsifying Systems for Biomedical Applications: A Comprehensive Review

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Abstract

Self-emulsifying systems, such as self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) and self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS), particularly used for enhancing the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. This review comprehensively examines the terminologies and mechanisms involved in self-emulsifying systems. The complex nature of self-emulsification is elucidated, encompassing diffusion, interfacial phenomena, and thermodynamic considerations. Three main mechanisms are explored in this review: diffusion and stranding, negative free energy for nanoemulsion formation, and the liquid crystalline (LC) phases formation at the interface. Diffusion and stranding cause rapid diffusion of water-miscible components, forming fine emulsion droplets. However, it lacks a clear thermodynamic explanation. Concept of negative free energy provides a thermodynamic explanation, while the formation of LC phases at the interface is an intermediary event during diffusion-driven self-emulsification. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing optimum self-emulsifying formulation for pharmaceutical delivery, food bioactive delivery, and cosmetic applications.

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This work was supported by ongoing institutional funding. No additional grants to carry out or direct this particular research were obtained.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, Madhav University, 307026, Pindwara, India

    Manish Kumar

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, 313001, Udaipur, India

    C. P. Jain

  3. Institute of Pharmacy, Dr Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, 224001, Ayodhya, India

    Ajay Kumar Shukla & Vimal Kumar Yadav

  4. Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, 250005, Meerut, India

    Garima Verma

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  1. Manish Kumar
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  2. C. P. Jain
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  5. Vimal Kumar Yadav
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Contributions

Manish Kumar: conceptualization, investigation, writing original draft. C.P. Jain: supervision, validation, review and editing. Ajay Kumar Shukla: proofreading, editing, Garima Verma: proofreading, editing, Vimal Kumar Yadav: proofreading, editing.

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Manish Kumar, Jain, C.P., Shukla, A.K. et al. Terminology and Mechanisms of Self-Emulsifying Systems for Biomedical Applications: A Comprehensive Review. Colloid J 85, 917–929 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061933X23600719

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