Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-wzw2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T13:17:33.845Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

ASSESSMENT OF RESIDUAL GEOGENIC CARBON IN MORTARS CONCERNING RADIOCARBON DATING

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 December 2023

Jan Válek Open the ORCID record for Jan Válek [Opens in a new window] ,
Petr Kozlovcev ,
Anna Fialová ,
Kristýna Kotková ,
Dita Frankeová ,
Ivo Světlík Open the ORCID record for Ivo Světlík [Opens in a new window]  and
Kateřina Pachnerová Brabcová Open the ORCID record for Kateřina Pachnerová Brabcová [Opens in a new window]
Jan Válek*
Affiliation:
Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prosecká 809/76, 190 00 Praha, Czech Republic
Petr Kozlovcev
Affiliation:
Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prosecká 809/76, 190 00 Praha, Czech Republic
Anna Fialová
Affiliation:
Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prosecká 809/76, 190 00 Praha, Czech Republic
Kristýna Kotková
Affiliation:
Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prosecká 809/76, 190 00 Praha, Czech Republic
Dita Frankeová
Affiliation:
Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prosecká 809/76, 190 00 Praha, Czech Republic
Ivo Světlík
Affiliation:
Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Truhlářce 39/64, 180 00 Praha, Czech Republic
Kateřina Pachnerová Brabcová
Affiliation:
Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Truhlářce 39/64, 180 00 Praha, Czech Republic
*
*Corresponding author. Email: valek@itam.cas.cz
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Quicklime samples were collected from six vertical layers (L1–L6) of a feedstock calcined in a traditional single-batch wood-fired kiln and assessed. Three samples were well-burned and three under-burned. The quicklime was slaked in an excess of water and the presence of unburned particles was investigated after settling it into putty. The putty was assessed as bulk and also at three depth levels. Thermal analysis determined the CO2 residua in the quicklime samples. Cathodoluminescence detected individual unburned particles and image analysis was used for their quantification. Settling of the putties led to a considerable reduction of geogenic particles in the layers above the bottom. This was also confirmed by the stable isotope analysis. In the case of the putties made from well-burned quicklime, the δ13C values of samples L4 and L5 ranged from –25.5‰ to –20.5‰ VPDB, and the δ18O values ranged from –17.5‰ to –16.5‰ VPDB. The fractionation was likely affected by the division according to the particle size during the sedimentation. The results of the 14C analysis correlate with the quantified percentage of cathodoluminescent particles.

Keywords

C and O stable isotopescathodoluminescencelime binderlime processing
Type
Conference Paper
Information
Radiocarbon , First View , pp. 1 - 13
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of University of Arizona

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Selected Papers from the 24th Radiocarbon and 10th Radiocarbon & Archaeology International Conferences, Zurich, Switzerland, 11–16 Sept. 2022

References

REFERENCES

Adam, JP. 1994. Roman buildings: materials and techniques. Routledge.Google Scholar
Addis, A, Secco, M, Marzaioli, F, Artioli, G, Arnau, AC, Passariello, I, Terrasi, F, Brogiolo, GP. 2019. Selecting the most reliable 14C dating material inside mortars: the origin of the Padua cathedral. Radiocarbon 61(2):375–393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrett, GT, Keaveney, E, Lindroos, A, Donnelly, C, Daugbjerg, TS, Ringbom, Å, Olsen, J, Reimer, PJ. 2021. Ramped pyroxidation: a new approach for radiocarbon dating of lime mortars. Journal of Archaeological Science 129.Google Scholar
Baxter, MS, Walton, AF. 1970. Radiocarbon dating of mortars. Nature 225:937–938.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caroselli, M, Hajdas, I, Cassitti, P. 2020. Radiocarbon dating of dolomitic mortars from the Convent Saint John, Müstair (Switzerland): first results. Radiocarbon 62(3):601–615.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cazalla, O, Rodriguez-Navarro, C, Sebastian, E, Cultrone, G, De la Torre, MJ. 2000. Aging of lime putty: effects on traditional lime mortar carbonation. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 83(15):1070–1076.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daugbjerg, TS, Lindroos, A, Heinemeier, J, Ringbom, Å, Barrett, G, Michalska, D, Hajdas, I, Raja, R, Olsen, J. 2021. A field guide to mortar sampling for radiocarbon dating. Archaeometry 63(5):1121–1140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dotsika, E, Psomiadis, D, Poutoukis, D, et al. 2009. Isotopic analysis for degradation diagnosis of calcite matrix in mortar. Anal Bioanal Chem 395:2227–2234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
EN 459-1. 2015. Building lime - Part 1: definitions, specifications and conformity criteria.Google Scholar
Frankeová, D, Koudelková, V. 2020. Influence of ageing conditions on the mineralogical micro–character of natural hydraulic lime mortars. Construction and Building Materials 264(120205).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hajdas, I, Maurer, M, Belen, M. 2020. Development of 14C dating of mortars at ETH Zurich. Radiocarbon 62(3):591–600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hajdas, I, Trumm, J, Bonani, G, Biechele, C, Maurer, M, Wacker, L. 2012. Roman ruins as an experiment for radiocarbon dating of mortar. Radiocarbon 54(3):897–903.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayen, R, Van Strydonck, M, Fontaine, L, Boudin, M, Lindroos, A, Heinemeier, J, et al. 2017. Mortar dating methodology: assessing recurrent issues and needs for further research. Radiocarbon 59(6):1859–1871.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heinemeier, J, Ringbom, Å, Lindroos, A, Sveinbjörnsdóttir, ÁE. 2010. Successful AMS 14C dating of non-hydraulic lime mortars from the medieval churches of the Åland islands, Finland. Radiocarbon 52(1):171–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kosednar-Legenstein, B, Dietzel, M, Leis, A, Stingl, K. 2008. Stable carbon and oxygen isotope investigation in historical lime mortar and plaster—results from field and experimental study. Applied Geochemistry 23(8):2425–2437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kozlovcev, P, Válek, J. 2021. The micro-structural character of limestone and its influence on the formation of phases in calcined products: natural hydraulic limes and cements. Materials and Structures 54(6).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Labeyrie, J, Delibrias, G. 1964. Dating of old mortars by the carbon-14 method. Nature 201:742.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Létolle, R, Gégout, P, Rafai, N, Revertegat, E. 1992. Stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen for the study of carbonation/decarbonation processes in concretes. Cement and Concrete Research 22(2–3):235–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindroos, A, Heinemeier, J, Ringbom, Å, Braskèn, M, Sveinbjörnsdóttir, Á. 2007. Mortar Dating Using AMS 14C and sequential dissolution: examples from medieval, nonhydraulic lime mortars from the Aland Island, SW Finland. Radiocarbon 49(1):47–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindroos, A, Ringbom, Å, Heinemeier, J, Hodgins, G, Sonck-Koota, P, Sjöberg, P, Lancaster, L, Kaisti, R, Brock, F, Ranta, H, et al. 2018. Radiocarbon dating historical mortars: lime lumps and/or binder carbonate? Radiocarbon 60(3):875–899.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCrea, JM 1950. On the isotopic chemistry of carbonates and a paleotemperature scale. The Journal of Chemical Physics 18:849–857.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nawrocka, D, Czernik, J, Goslar, T. 2009. 14C dating of carbonate mortars from Polish and Israeli sites. Radiocarbon 51(2):857–866.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oates, JAH. 1998. Lime and limestone. Chemistry and technology, production and uses. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.Google Scholar
Orsowszki, G, Rinyu, L. 2015. Flame-sealed tube graphitization using zinc as the sole reduction agent: precision improvement of EnvrionMICADAS 14C measurements on graphite targets. Radiocarbon 57:979–990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortega, LA, Zuluaga, MC, Alonso-Olazabal, A, Insausti, M, Murelaga, X, Ibañez, A. 2012. Improved sample preparation methodology on lime mortar for reliable 14C dating. In: Nawrocka, DM, editor. Radiometric fating. London: IntechOpen.Google Scholar
Cizer, Ö, Rodriguez-Navarro, C, Ruiz-Agudo, E, Elsen, J, van Gemert, D, van Balen, K. 2012. Phase and morphology evolution of calcium carbonate precipitated by carbonation of hydrated lime. Journal of Materials Science 47:6151–6165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pachiaudi, C, Marechal, J, Strydonck, MV, Dupas, M, Dauchot-Dehon, M. 1986. Isotopic fractionation of carbon during CO2 absorption by mortar. Radiocarbon 28:691–697.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ponce-Antón, G, Ortega, L, Zuluaga, M, Alonso-Olazabal, A, Solaun, J. 2018. Hydrotalcite and Hydrocalumite in mortar binders from the medieval Castle of Portilla (Álava, North Spain): accurate mineralogical control to achieve more reliable chronological ages. Minerals 8(8):326–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ringbom, Å, Lindroos, A, Heinemeier, J, Sonck-Koota, P. 2014. 19 years of mortar dating: Learning from experience. Radiocarbon 56(2):619–635.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ricci, G, Secco, M, Addis, A, Pistilli, A, Preto, N, Brogiolo, GP, Arnau, AC, Marzaioli, F, Passariello, I, Terrasi, F, et al. 2022. Integrated multi–analytical screening approach for reliable radiocarbon dating of ancient mortars. Scientific Reports 12(3339).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stuvier, M, Polach, HA. 1977. Reporting of 14C data. Radiocarbon 19(3):355–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuiver, M, Smith, C. 1965. Radiocarbon dating of ancient mortar and plaster. In: Olson, EA, Chatters, RM, editors. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference Radiocarbon and Tritium Dating. Pullman (WA): Pullman. p. 338–341.Google Scholar
Toffolo, BM, Ricci, G, Caneve, L, Kaplan-Ashiri, I. 2019. Luminescence reveals variations in local structural order of calcium carbonate polymorphs formed by different mechanisms. Scientific Reports 9(16170).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Usdowski, E. 1982. Reactions and equilibria in the systems CO2–H2O and CaCO3–CO2–H2O (0–50 °C). Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie 144(1982):148–171 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Usdowski, E, Hirschfeld, A. 2000. The 13C/12C and 18O/16O composition of recent and historical calcite cement and kinetics of CO2 absorption by calcium hydroxide. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie 11(200):507–521.Google Scholar
Válek, J. 2015. Lime technologies of historic buildings. Praha: ÚTAM AV ČR.Google Scholar
Van Strydonck, M. 2016. Radiocarbon dating. Topics in Current Chemistry (Z) 374(13).Google ScholarPubMed
Wacker, L, Christl, M, Synal, H-A. 2010. BATS: a new tool for AMS data reduction. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B 268:976–979.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wingate, M. 1985. Small-scale lime-burning: a practical introduction. London: ITP.CrossRefGoogle Scholar