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Physical Properties of the Ternary System Toluene + n-Hexane + Cyclohexane at 298.15 K: Experimental and Modeling Study

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Abstract

This work reports experimental densities ρ, sound speeds u, and refractive indices n for the ternary system (toluene + n-hexane + cyclohexane) and related binary subsystems at 298.15 K and ambient pressure. Experimental data were used to derive excess molar volumes (\({V}_{m}^{E}\)), excess isentropic compressibilities (\({\kappa }_{S}^{E}\)), and refractive index deviations (Δn). Redlich–Kister and Cibulka's equations correlated the binary and ternary excess and deviation data, respectively, with standard deviations below the estimated uncertainties of the corresponding properties. The excess and deviation properties helped probe the interactions between mixture components. Furthermore, the Perturbed Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory Equation of State modeled the density of binary and ternary mixtures. Schaaff’s collision factor theory and Nomoto’s relation were compared for their capability to predict the sound speed of the studied mixtures. Mixing rules by Lorentz-Lorenz, Gladstone-Dale, Laplace, and Eykman modeled the mixtures' refractive indices. The average absolute percentage deviation between experimental and calculated values measured the models' predicting capabilities. The modeled densities are reasonably concordant with experimental data with deviations of 0.25%, 0.32%, 0.74%, and 0.31% for the binary n-hexane + cyclohexane, toluene + cyclohexane, and toluene + n-hexane, and ternary toluene + n-hexane + cyclohexane mixture, respectively. Nomoto’s relation was better for predicting binary (overall deviation of 0.46%) and ternary (deviation of 0.62%) sound speeds. Lorentz–Lorenz mixing rule was the best option for predicting binary (overall deviation of 0.08%) and ternary (deviation of 0.14%) refractive indices.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude to Prof. Dr. Sevdije Govori, Chief of the Department of Chemistry at the University of Prishtina, for her generous support in providing the necessary materials for conducting this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamenti i Fizikës, Universiteti i Prishtinës, Rr. Eqrem Çabej 51, Prishtina, Kosovo

    Fisnik Aliaj & Naim Syla

  2. Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Alonso de Ribera 2850, Concepción, Chile

    Ariel Hernández

  3. Departamenti i Materialeve dhe Metalurgjisë, Universiteti “Isa Boletini” Mitrovicë, Ukshin Kovaçica, Mitrovicë, Kosovo

    Arbër Zeqiraj

  4. Departamenti i Kimisë, Universiteti i Prishtinës, Rr. Agim Ramadani 3, Prishtina, Kosovo

    Tahir Arbneshi

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  1. Fisnik Aliaj
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Aliaj, F., Hernández, A., Zeqiraj, A. et al. Physical Properties of the Ternary System Toluene + n-Hexane + Cyclohexane at 298.15 K: Experimental and Modeling Study. Int J Thermophys 45, 3 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-023-03300-4

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