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Temperature dependence of carbon metabolism in the leaves in sun and shade in a subtropical forest

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Abstract

Rising temperatures pose a threat to the stability of climate regulation by carbon metabolism in subtropical forests. Although the effects of temperature on leaf carbon metabolism traits in sun-exposed leaves are well understood, there is limited knowledge about its impacts on shade leaves and the implications for ecosystem–climate feedbacks. In this study, we measured temperature response curves of photosynthesis and respiration for 62 woody species in summer (including both evergreen and deciduous species) and 20 evergreen species in winter. The aim was to uncover the temperature dependence of carbon metabolism in both sun and shade leaves in subtropical forests. Our findings reveal that shade had no significant effects on the mean optimum photosynthetic temperatures (TOpt) or temperature range (T90). However, there were decreases observed in mean stomatal conductance, mean area-based photosynthetic rates at TOpt and 25 °C, as well as mean area-based dark respiration rates at 25 °C in both evergreen and deciduous species. Moreover, the respiration–temperature sensitivity (Q10) of sun leaves was higher than that of shade leaves in winter, with the reverse being true in summer. Leaf economics spectrum traits, such as leaf mass per area, and leaf concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus across species, proved to be good predictors of TOpt, T90, mass-based photosynthetic rate at TOpt, and mass-based photosynthetic and respiration rate at 25 °C. However, Q10 was poorly predicted by these leaf economics spectrum traits except for shade leaves in winter. Our results suggest that model estimates of carbon metabolism in multilayered subtropical forest canopies do not necessitate independent parameterization of T90 and TOpt temperature responses in sun and shade leaves. Nevertheless, a deeper understanding and quantification of canopy variations in Q10 responses to temperature are necessary to confirm the generality of temperature–carbon metabolism trait responses and enhance ecosystem model estimates of carbon dynamics under future climate warming.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank L.Q. Zhu and X.G. Le for facilitating this study at the Yangjifeng National Nature Reserve.

Funding

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071555, 31971643, and 32001094); the Major S&T Project of Fujian Province (2019N5009); Fujian Provincial Department of Education Grant (JAT190084). JP was supported by the Spanish Government Grant PID2020115770RB-I, TED2021-132627 B-I00, funded by MCIN, AEI/10.13039/501100011033 European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR, and the Fundación Ramón Areces grant CIVP20A6621.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (Ministry of Education), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China

    Xiaoping Chen, Jinlong Li, Xueqin Li, Dandan Hu, Quanlin Zhong & Dongliang Cheng

  2. College of Tourism, Resources and Environment, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China

    Xiaoping Chen & Mantang Wang

  3. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China

    Xiaoping Chen, Jinlong Li, Xueqin Li, Dandan Hu, Quanlin Zhong & Dongliang Cheng

  4. Global Ecology Unit, CSIC, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain

    Josep Peñuelas

  5. CREAF, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain

    Josep Peñuelas

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  1. Xiaoping Chen
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  2. Jinlong Li
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Contributions

XPC, DLC, QLZ, and DDH planned and designed the research. XPC, JLL and XQL performed experiments, conducted fieldwork, analyzed data, etc. XPC, MTW, DLC, and PJ wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Dongliang Cheng.

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Communicated by Ülo Niinemets.

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Chen, X., Li, J., Peñuelas, J. et al. Temperature dependence of carbon metabolism in the leaves in sun and shade in a subtropical forest. Oecologia 204, 59–69 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-023-05487-7

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