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Multiphase evolution of a Li-pegmatite field from the Tashisayi area, Altyn Tagh, NW China: insights from a petrological, geochemical, and geochronological study

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Abstract

The Tashisayi Li deposit was newly discovered in the eastern part of the Tashisayi batholith, located in the Altyn Tagh region of Northwest China. A Li-rich composite pegmatite-aplite dyke (γ02) displays superimposed relationships among different Li-bearing phases, including lepidolite-albite-quartz pegmatite (LAQ), spodumene-albite-quartz pegmatite (SAQ), and aplite. The timing and conditions of magmatism and Li mineralization in the Tashisayi remain enigmatic. The study involved field observations, U–(Th)–Pb dating of columbite-group minerals (CGM), zircon, and monazite, and geochemical analyses of CGM and quartz. U–Pb dating of CGM of the γ02 dyke revealed formation ages of 471.6±3.5 Ma (LAQ), 439.6±5.0 Ma (SAQ), and 416.3±4.8 Ma (aplite). Zircon U-Pb and monazite U-(Th)-Pb dating of biotite granite, pegmatitic aplite, and muscovite granite yielded ages of ca. 473 Ma, 439 Ma, and 425 Ma, respectively. The dating results indicate that the rare-metal pegmatites and granites in the Tashisayi area were emplaced during various periods from the Early Ordovician to Early Devonian, consistent with other rare-metal deposits in the Tugeman region. The textural and geochemical analyses on the CGM and quartz reveal that the LAQ, SAQ and aplite crystallized from highly evolved magmas under water-poor and relatively low temperature conditions, experiencing distinct evolution trend and forming processes. Additionally, both LAQ and SAQ were influenced by fluid or magma activities and the pegmatitic melt forming LAQ could enrich both Li and Sn. Extensive tectonic events in the Altyn Tagh Orogen, including ocean basin closure and continental collisions, promote the development of Li-rich granitic magmas. Thus, we argue that the multiple magmatic and Li mineralization events in the Tashisayi area are most likely originated from the melting of Proterozoic crustal materials, and the process was controlled by tectonic interactions between the Central Altyn, Southern Altyn, Northern Altyn, and Eastern Kunlun blocks.

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Acknowledgements

We are indebted to Shuang-Rong Zhang, Jiang-Song Chen and Xiang-Jing Yu for the sample preparation, as well as Xiao-Ping Xia, Jia-Lin Wang, Li-Hui Jia, Jiang-Yan Yuan and Zong-Rao Tai for the laboratory assistance. We also thank Pete Hollings and Robert Trumbull for their suggestive comments.

Funding

This research was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number 42250202), second comprehensive scientific investigation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (2019QZKK0802), the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFA0702600), the Guangdong Province Introduced Innovative R&D Team of Big Data—Mathematical Earth Sciences and Extreme Geological Events Team (2021ZT09H399), and Key development projects of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IGGCAS-201902).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Yin-Ce Ma, Xing-Wang Xu, Shan-Ke Liu, Kai Kang, Xue-Hai Wang & Lei Niu

  2. Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Yin-Ce Ma, Xing-Wang Xu, Shan-Ke Liu, Kai Kang, Xue-Hai Wang & Lei Niu

  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Yin-Ce Ma, Xing-Wang Xu, Shan-Ke Liu, Kai Kang, Xue-Hai Wang & Lei Niu

  4. Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Geodynamics and Geohazards, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China

    Tao Hong

  5. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, China

    Tao Hong

  6. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Xianlin University Town, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Wen-Kai Jin

  7. College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, 365004, China

    Hang Li

  8. No.3 Geological Party, Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, Korla, Xinjiang, 841000, China

    Zhi-Quan Yang

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Ma, YC., Xu, XW., Hong, T. et al. Multiphase evolution of a Li-pegmatite field from the Tashisayi area, Altyn Tagh, NW China: insights from a petrological, geochemical, and geochronological study. Miner Deposita (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-023-01237-0

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