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Exploring the impact of entrepreneurial alertness and cultural intelligence on creative self-efficacy: A global perspective

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Abstract

Globalization has encouraged the growth and popularity of recognizing opportunities worldwide. As such, entrepreneurial alertness and cultural intelligence stand out as essential catalysts for innovation and creativity. Managers' ability to identify opportunities, navigate diverse cultural contexts, and unleash their creative potential is now recognized as a critical factor for business success. However, previous research has primarily examined the independent influence of entrepreneurial alertness and cultural intelligence on other entrepreneurial outcomes, leaving a significant gap in understanding their independent and combined impact on creative self-efficacy (CSE). In this study, we bridge this gap by investigating the interplay between entrepreneurial alertness, cultural intelligence, and CSE among managers. Drawing on schema theory and entrepreneurial alertness literature, we hypothesize that entrepreneurial alertness enhances CSE, with cultural intelligence moderating this relationship. Our three studies, involving student and non-student samples, provide empirical evidence to generally support these hypotheses. Our study contributes to the existing literature by integrating concepts from entrepreneurship, psychology, and cross-cultural management, enriching our understanding of how these constructs influence CSE. The findings also shed light on the teachability of entrepreneurial alertness and its role in fostering CSE, thus aiding in better preparing future entrepreneurs for the complexities of the global marketplace.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Blvd. South, Fort Myers, FL, 33965-6565, USA

    Jase R. Ramsey & Trip Knoche

  2. Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, KS, 67260-0088 , USA

    Raina Rutti & Smita Srivastava

  3. Texas Christian University, 2900 Lubbock, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA

    Eric Arseneau

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Appendix 1. Common method bias

Appendix 1. Common method bias

To test for the presence of common method bias (CMB), a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to estimate the fit of the full measurement model (first without a common method factor). The measurement models for both Time 1 and Time 2 included the latent constructs of Entrepreneurial Alertness, Motivational CQ, and Creative Self-Efficacy. The data for the treatment and control group were combined, creating a sample size large enough to run the CFA using Maximum Likelihood estimation. The treatment and control groups were very similar with respect to demographics and education level as they were each comprised of MBA students enrolled in different sections of the same course at the same University. There were no other differences in course design beyond the treatment group’s exposure to the new educational content. Also, there was no particular reason why one section was chosen over the other as the treatment group. After the initial CFA for Time 1 and Time 2, the same analyses were conducted with a new latent “method” factor added to the model. All the paths from the observed variables to the additional method factor were constrained to be equal and the variances of all latent factors were constrained to one. The last constraint was to restrict the correlation to zero between the method factor and the other latent constructs.

The addition of the method factor did improve the model fit which indicates the presence of CMB (Williams, Cote, & Buckley, 1989). The measurement model fit indices (with the common method factor) were as follows: (Time 1: χ2 (158, 213) = 254.60, p = .000, RMSEA = .054, CFI = .950; Time 2: χ2 (177, 213) = 301.75, p = .000, RMSEA = .058, CFI = .938). The original measurement models had the following fit estimates: (Time 1: χ2 (179, 213) = 337.73, p = .000, RMSEA = .065, CFI = .918; Time 2: χ2 (179, 213) = 379.85, p = .000, RMSEA = .073, CFI = .901). Finally, the differences between the models (T1: Δ χ2 (21) = 83.13, p < .05; T2: Δ χ2 (2) = 78.1, p < .05) were both significant, thus suggesting the existence of CMB. However, the average variance explained by the method factor was 24% for Time 1 and 17% for Time 2. These results were below the 25% acceptable threshold (Williams et al., 1989). Although there is evidence that CMB may be present in the study, it was not so large as to threaten the interpretation of the results.

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Ramsey, J.R., Rutti, R., Arseneau, E. et al. Exploring the impact of entrepreneurial alertness and cultural intelligence on creative self-efficacy: A global perspective. Asia Pac J Manag (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-023-09939-9

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