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Spatio-temporal variability and possible source identification of criteria pollutants from Ahmedabad-a megacity of Western India

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Abstract

This study addresses the spatio-temporal variability and plausible sources of criteria air pollutants in the Western Indian city-Ahmedabad. The air pollutants PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO2, SO2, and CO have been analyzed at ten locations in Ahmedabad from 2017 to 2019. The seasonal variability indicates that the air pollutant concentration is highest during winter, followed by pre-monsoon, post-monsoon, and monsoon seasons. The concentration of PM2.5 (59.52 ± 16.68–89.72 ± 20.68) and PM10 (107.25 ± 30.43–176.04 ± 38.34) crosses the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in all seasons. However, the seasonal difference from winter to pre-monsoon is not highly significant (p > 0.05), indicating that the pollution remains fairly similar during these two seasons. The spatial variability of air pollutants over Ahmedabad indicates that the concentration is highest in the south and central region of Ahmedabad and lowest at the east location. The Ventilation Coefficient (VC) has been used to understand the dispersion of air pollutants. The K-means clustering was performed to assess the locations within Ahmedabad with similar air pollutants sources followed by source identification using Principal Component Analysis-Multiple Linear Regression method (PCA-MLR) of 5 clusters. The different locations identified were industrial, residential, and traffic which mainly contribute to the air pollutants in Ahmedabad city. The health risk assessment indicates PMs are the leading pollutant and causing excess risk (ER > 1) at all the locations. With the help of the different statistical techniques, it helps in ascertaining the hotspots of air pollution in a region which will be beneficial in studying health exposure and for policymakers to adopt mitigation strategies.

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Funding

The data used in this study is funded by the MoES.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India

    Shahana Bano, Ritesh Kalbande & Devendra Singh Rathore

  2. Ministry of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, 411008, Pune, India

    Vrinda Anand

  3. National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS), Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Campus, 560012, Bangalore, India

    Gufran Beig

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  1. Shahana Bano
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  2. Vrinda Anand
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  3. Ritesh Kalbande
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  4. Gufran Beig
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Contributions

Shahana Bano carried out the data analysis and wrote the original draft of the manuscript. Vrinda Anand and Ritesh Kalbande carried out data analysis and edited and reviewed the manuscript. Gufran Beig and Devendra Singh Rathore supervised the whole study and administered the project.

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Bano, S., Anand, V., Kalbande, R. et al. Spatio-temporal variability and possible source identification of criteria pollutants from Ahmedabad-a megacity of Western India. J Atmos Chem 81, 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-023-09456-5

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