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Ceramic production and the transition to agriculture in Northeast China: Neolithic pottery technology in the Fuxin Region

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Abstract

The production of pottery in East Asia can be traced back to approximately 20,000 years ago. Hunter-gatherer communities utilised pottery for many years before transitioning to agriculture in regions such as China, Japan, and the Russian Far East. While there has been much debate surrounding pottery production in hunter-gatherer societies, little attention has been given to the role of ceramic vessels in the shift to sedentism and agriculture. This research explores the technological aspects of pottery production in both hunter-gatherer societies and societies in the midst of transitioning to agriculture. The study focuses on ceramic assemblages from two sites in the Fuxin Area of Liaoning province, China. The earlier site represents a small semi-sedentary society that relied solely on hunting and gathering, while the later site, around 400 years later, is a village that also incorporates the use of millet. Using petrography, X-ray diffractometry, X-ray florescence, and thermo-gravimetric analyses, the study identifies differences in ceramic production between the two sites, including the use of selective clay and temper types and improved firing techniques at the later site. These technological changes are believed to be due to specific changes in the preferences of sedentary groups, possibly related to food processing during the onset of agriculture. The findings shed light on the relationship between social, economic, and technological variation in prehistoric societies.

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Acknowledgements

This work used analytical equipment at the Laboratory for Microarchaeology and the Characterization Laboratories at the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology (IKI), both at the Ben Gurion University of the Negev. We wish to thank Ana Millionschick for the TGA analysis, the anonymous reviewers of the manuscript, and the valuable comments by the editors. This research received no direct grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Funding

Funding for this research was provided by the Israel Science Foundation (Grant no. 728/17 awarded to Gideon Shelach-Lavi).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Archaeology, The Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel

    Yuval Goren, Ofer Marder & Noam Shalev

  2. Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, The Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

    Lonia Friedlander

  3. School of Archaeology, Jilin University, Changchun City, China

    Mingyu Teng

  4. Institute of Humanities, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China

    Dongdong Tu

  5. Department of Asian Studies, The Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel

    Gideon Shelach-Lavi

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  1. Yuval Goren
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  5. Mingyu Teng
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Contributions

Y.G., L.F. and G.S.L wrote the main manuscript text. G.S.L. and M.T. directed the project, and G.S.L. raised its funding. O.M. participated in the field project as the prehistorian lithic and flint assemblages. Y.G. conducted the petrography, XRF, and interpretation of the TGA data, and L.F. conducted the XRD analysis and interpretation. D.T. studied the material culture (including pottery typology) as part of his PhD research, and N.S. assisted in interpreting the petrographic data in the framework of an MA seminar.

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Correspondence to Yuval Goren.

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Goren, Y., Friedlander, L., Marder, O. et al. Ceramic production and the transition to agriculture in Northeast China: Neolithic pottery technology in the Fuxin Region. Archaeol Anthropol Sci 16, 9 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-023-01912-3

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