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Exacerbation of drought-induced physiological and biochemical changes in leaves of Pisum sativum upon restriction of COX and AOX pathways of mitochondrial oxidative electron transport

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Abstract

Drought stress affects photosynthesis, leading to significant decrease in crop productivity. In the current study, the importance of the cytochrome oxidase (COX) and alternative oxidase (AOX) pathways of the mitochondrial oxidative electron transport chain (mETC) for photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis was evaluated in the leaves of Pisum sativum plants exposed to drought stress for 3 days (D3), 6 days (D6), and 9 days (D9). While drought stress resulted in decreased CO2 assimilation rates, leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration, and leaf intercellular CO2 concentration in a stress-dependent manner, superimposition with mETC inhibitors, antimycin A (AA) and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), aggravated the responses. Decreased chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, and RubisCO (RbcL) degradation during progressive drought and their aggravation upon AOX pathway restriction indicated the importance of the AOX pathway for photosynthetic activity. Compared with COX pathway inhibition, higher intracellular H2O2 and O ⋅−2 levels, and increased cell death upon restriction of the AOX pathway during D6 and D9 stress conditions correlating with the modulation in antioxidant enzyme activities, signify the essentiality of the AOX pathway for ROS maintenance at optimal levels. Further, increased AOX1a expression during D6 and D9 conditions along with increased AOX protein levels indicated the activation of the AOX pathway during drought stress. Decline in Fv/Fm, actual quantum yield of PSII (ФPSII), photochemical quenching (qP), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and electron transport rate (ETR) upon restriction of the COX and AOX pathways indicated the requirement of mETC activity for optimal photochemical activities not only under normal conditions but also under progressive drought conditions.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Mr. Nehru, lab assistant, for technical support. The Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, is acknowledged for the facilities provided.

Funding

This work was supported by the grant to DC from SERB funded projects (NO/SB/EMEQ-299/2014) and (CRG/2021/005916).

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  1. Plant Molecular Stress Physiology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610005, India

    Benedict Analin & Dinakar Challabathula

  2. Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610005, India

    Kavya Bakka

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  1. Benedict Analin
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CD and AB designed the experiments. AB performed the experiments. CD obtained the funding for the research. AB, CD, and BK analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript. All authors approved the publication.

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Correspondence to Dinakar Challabathula.

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Corresponding editor: Ko Noguchi

This article is part of the Topical Collection: Plant Mitochondria: Properties and Interactions with Other Organelles.

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Analin, B., Bakka, K. & Challabathula, D. Exacerbation of drought-induced physiological and biochemical changes in leaves of Pisum sativum upon restriction of COX and AOX pathways of mitochondrial oxidative electron transport. J Biosci 49, 5 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-023-00380-0

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