Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

High-Temperature Oxidation of High-Entropy Alcrfeconimnx Alloys

  • Published:
Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics Aims and scope

The evolution of phase composition and thermal oxidation behavior of high-entropy AlCrFeCoNiMnx alloys (x = 0.5 and 1) during long-term oxidation at 900°C were studied. A single- phase ordered (B2) bcc alloy formed in the starting as-cast state regardless of manganese content. The scale phase composition varied with exposure time and manganese content. After 10 h of oxidation, high-entropy spinel-type MeMn2O4, as well as Mn3O4 and Al2O3, formed on the AlCrFeCoNiMn alloy, while only Mn3O4 and Al2O3 oxides emerged on the AlCrFeCoNiMn0.5 alloy. Increase in the oxidation time for the equiatomic alloy up to 25 h led to spinel NiMn2O4 and bixbyite FeMnO3 in the oxide scale; Mn3O4 and Al2O3 were also present. The phase composition of the oxidized layer on the AlCrFeCoNiMn0.5 alloy did not change. After 50 h, the structure of the oxide scale was similar for both alloys and consisted of NiMn2O4, FeMnO3, Mn3O4, and Al2O3 in different ratios. The oxidation kinetics of the alloys naturally depended on the manganese content: the higher the manganese content, the higher the oxidation rate. A continuous layer of the fcc solid solution rich in chromium, iron, and cobalt was observed under the scale in both alloys. An internal oxidation area was also found in the subscale layer of the AlCrFeCoNiMn alloy. Long-term (more than 50 h) oxidation at 900°C substantially changed the phase composition of the alloy matrices: the bcc (B2) solid solution underwent spinodal decomposition to form bcc and fcc phases and tetragonal σ phase. Analyses of the alloy matrices showed a sharp increase in their microhardness after annealing. This can be attributed to the formation of a significant amount of the σ phase.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J.W. Yeh, Y.L Chen, S.J. Lin, and S.J. Chen, “High-entropy alloys—a new era of exploitation,” Mater. Sci. Forum, 560, 1–9 (2007), http://www.scientific.net/MSF.560.1.

  2. X. Yang and Y. Zhang, “Prediction of high-entropy stabilized solid-solution in multicomponent alloys,” Mater. Chem. Phys., 132, 233–238 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. B.S. Murty, Yeh Jien-Wei, and S. Ranganathan, High Entropy Alloys, Butterworth-Heinemann (2014), p. 204.

  4. B. Cantor, “Multicomponent and high entropy alloys,” Entropy, 16, 4749–4768 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. S.A. Firstov, V.F. Gorban, N.A. Krapivka, and E.P. Pechkovskii, “New class of materials—high-entropy alloys and coatings,” Vest. Tomsk. Gos. Univ., 8, Issue 4, 1938–1940 (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  6. S.A. Firstov, T.G. Rogul’, N.A. Krapivka, S.S. Ponomarev, V.V. Kovylyaev, N.I. Danilenko, N.D. Bega, V.I. Danilenko, and S.I. Chugunova, “Structural features and solid-solution hardening of high-entropy CrMnFeCoNi alloy,” Powder Metall. Met. Ceram., 55, No. 3–4, 225–235 (2016).

  7. Z.G. Zhu, K.H. Ma, Q. Wang, and C.H. Shek, “Compositional dependence of phase formation and mechanical properties in three CoCrFeNi–(Mn/Al/Cu) high entropy alloys,” Intermetallics, 79, 1-11 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. J.Y. He, W.H. Liu, H. Wang, Y. Wu, X.J. Liu, T.G. Nieh, and Z.P. Lu, “Effects of Al addition on structural evolution and tensile properties of the FeCoNiCrMn high-entropy alloy system,” Acta Mater., 62, 105–113 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. F. Otto, A. Dlouhy, Ch. Somsen, H. Bei, G. Eggeler, and E.P. George, “The influences of temperature and microstructure on the tensile properties of a CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy,” Acta Mater., 61, 5743–5755 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. W.R. Wang, W.L. Wang, and J.W. Yeh, “Phases, microstructure and mechanical properties of AlxCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys at elevated temperatures,” J. Alloys Compd., 705, 756–763 (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  11. W. Kai, C.C. Li, F.P. Cheng, K.P. Chu, R.-T. Huang, L.W. Tsay, and J.J. Kai, “Air-oxidation of FeCoNiCrbased quinary high-entropy alloys at 700–900°C,” Corr. Sci., 121, 116–125 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. G.R. Holcomb, J. Tylczak, and C. Carney, “Oxidation of CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloys,” JOM, 67, No. 10, 2326–2339 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Y.-K. Kim, Y.-A. Sheng, G.U. Sheng, and C.T. Liu, “High temperature oxidation behavior of Cr–Mn–Fe–Co–Ni high entropy alloy. Phase stability in high entropy alloys: formation of solid-solution phase or amorphous phase,” Prog. Nat. Sci. Mater. Int., No. 6, 433–446 (2011).

  14. S. Guo, C. Ng, J. Lu, and C.T. Liu, “Effect of valence electron concentration on stability of FCC or BCC phase in high entropy alloys,” J. Appl. Phys., No. 10, 103–105 (2011).

  15. S.A. Firstov, V.F. Gorban’, N.A. Krapivka, M.V. Karpets, and E.P. Pechkovskii, “Effect of electron density on phase composition of high-entropy equiatomic alloys,” Powder Metall. Met. Ceram., 54, No. 9–10, 607–613 (2016).

  16. Ming-Hung Tsai, Kun-Yo Tsai, Che-Wei Tsai, Chi Lee, Chien Chang Juan, and Jien-Wei Yen, “Criterion for sigma phase formation in Cr- and V-containing high-entropy alloys,” Mater. Res. Lett., 1, Issue 4, 207–212 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Ming-Hung Tsai, Keng-Che Chang, Jian-Hong Li, Ruei-Chi Tsal, and An-Hung Cheng, “A second criterion for sigma phase formation in high-entropy alloys,” Mater. Res. Lett., 4, Issue 2, 90–95 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. S.A. Firstov, V.F. Gorban, N.A. Krapivka, E.P. Pechkovskii, and M.V. Karpets, “Relationship of the σ phase and fcc phase with the electron concentration of cast two-phase high-entropy alloys,” Kompoz. Nanostrukt., 7, No. 2, 72–84 (2015).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. O.M. Barabash and Yu.N. Koval, Structure and Properties of Metals and Alloys: Handbook [in Russian], Naukova Dumka, Kyiv (1986), p. 598.

  20. M.V. Karpets, O.A. Rokytska, M.I. Yakubiv, C.F. Gorban, M.O. Krapivka, and A.V. Samelyuk, “Structural state of high-entropy Fe40–xNiCoCrAlx alloys in high-temperature oxidation,” Powder Metall. Met. Ceram., 59, No. 7–8, 467–476 (2020).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. T.M. Butler and M.L. Weaver, “Oxidation behavior of arc-melted AlCrFeCoNi multi-component highentropy alloys,” J. Alloys Compd., 674, 229–244 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. A.L. Marasco and D.J. Young, “The oxidation of iron-chromium-manganese alloys at 900°C,” Oxid. Met., 36, 157–174 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. D. Seifu, A. Kebede, F.W. Oliver, E.J. Hoffman, E. Hammond, C. Wynter, A. Aning, L. Takacs, I.-L. Siu, J.C. Walker, G.X. Tessema, and M. Seehra, “Evidence of ferrimagnetic ordering in FeMnO3 produced by mechanical alloying,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 212, Issues 1–2, 178–182 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. S. Gowreesan and A. Ruban Kumar, “Structural, magnetic, and electrical property of nanocrystalline perovskite structure of iron manganite (FeMnO3),” Appl. Phys. A, 123, No. 689, 1–8 (2017).

  25. F. Otto, A. Dlouhý, K.G. Pradeep, M. Kubenov, D. Raabe, G. Eggeler, and E.P. George, “Decomposition of the single-phase high-entropy alloy CrMnFeCoNi after prolonged anneals at intermediate temperatures,” Acta Mater., 112, 40–52 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. D.G. Shaysultanov, G.A. Salishchev, Yu.V. Ivanisenko, S. Zherebtsov, M. Tikhonovsky, and N.D. Stepanov, “Novel Fe36Mn21Cr18Ni15Al10 high entropy alloy with bcc/B2 dual-phase structure,” J. Alloys Compd., 705, 756–763 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. W.R. Wang, W.L. Wang, and J.W. Yeh, “Phases, microstructure and mechanical properties of AlxCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys at elevated temperatures,” J. Alloys Compd., 589, 143–152 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the PlasmaTec Private Joint Stock Company for the opportunity to conduct high-quality analyses using a Tescan Vega 3 microscope.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

    O. A. Rokytska, M. V. Karpets, M. I. Yakubiv, M. O. Krapivka & A. V. Samelyuk

  2. National Technical University of Ukraine ‘Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute’, Kyiv, Ukraine

    M. V. Karpets & M. P. Naumenko

Authors
  1. O. A. Rokytska
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. V. Karpets
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. I. Yakubiv
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. O. Krapivka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. A. V. Samelyuk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. M. P. Naumenko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to O. A. Rokytska.

Additional information

Translated from Poroshkova Metallurgiya, Vol. 62, Nos. 5–6 (551), pp. 119–135, 2023.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rokytska, O.A., Karpets, M.V., Yakubiv, M.I. et al. High-Temperature Oxidation of High-Entropy Alcrfeconimnx Alloys. Powder Metall Met Ceram 62, 360–371 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11106-023-00399-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11106-023-00399-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation