Abstract
Extreme states of the stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) affect the average position of the main propagation trajectories of synoptic vortices in the Northern Hemisphere over a time period from 2 weeks to 2 months. This time scale is considered one of the most difficult periods in forecasting. Based on the analysis of data from idealized numerical experiments on the Isca platform, we have studied the processes of formation of anomalous positions of storm tracks in the Atlantic–European region as a response to sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) and events of extremely strong SPV during various phases of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). It is shown that in winter it is impossible to unambiguously talk about the southward displacement of the Atlantic storm track during El Niño events without taking into account the intensity of SPV. The intensity of SPV, expressed as the zonal component of wind speed, averaged along 60° N at the level of 10 hPa, has its maximum predictive potential during El Niño.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Ambaum, M.H.P. and Hoskins, B., The NAO troposphere–stratosphere connection, J. Clim., 2002, vol. 15, no. 14, pp. 1969–1978.
Anstey, J.A., Scinocca, J.F., and Keller, M., Simulating the QBO in an atmospheric general circulation model: Sensitivity to resolved and parameterized forcing, J. Atmos. Sci., 2016, vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 1649–1665.
Asbaghi, G., Joghataei, M., and Mohebalhojeh, A.R., Impacts of the QBO on the North Atlantic and Mediterranean storm tracks: An energetic perspective, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2017, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 1060–1067.
Baldwin, M.P. and Dunkerton, T.J., Stratospheric harbingers of anomalous weather regimes, Science, 2001, vol. 294, no. 5542.
Baldwin, M.P. and Thompson, D.W.J., A critical comparison of stratosphere–troposphere coupling indices, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 2009, vol. 135, no. 644, pp. 1661–1672.
Baldwin, M.P., Thompson, D.W.J., Shuckburgh, E.F., et al., Weather from the stratosphere?, Science, 2003, vol. 301, no. 5631, pp. 317–319.
Blackmon, M.L., A climatological spectral study of the 500 mb geopotential height of the Northern Hemisphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 1976, vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 1607–1623.
Blackmon, M.L., Wallace, J.M., Lau, N.-C., et al., An observational study of the Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation, J. Atmos. Sci., 1977, vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 1040–1053.
Blackmon, M.L., Lee, Y.H., and Wallace, J.M., Horizontal structure of 500 mb height fluctuations with long, intermediate and short time scales, J. Atmos. Sci., 1984, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 961–980.
Butler, A.H., Seidel, D.J., Hardiman, S.C., et al., Defining sudden stratospheric warmings, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 2015, vol. 96, no. 11, pp. 1913–1928.
Chang, E., Lee, S., and Swanson, K., Storm track dynamics, J. Clim., 2002, vol. 15, pp. 2163–2182.
Chang, E.K.M., Guo, Y., Xia, X., and Zheng, M., Storm-track activity in IPCC AR4/CMIP3 model simulations, J. Clim., 2013, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 246–260.
Charlton, A.J. and Polvani, L.M., A new look at stratospheric sudden warmings. Part I: Climatology and modeling benchmarks, J. Clim., 2007, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 449–469.
Domeisen, D.I.V., Garfinkel, C.I., and Butler, A.H., The teleconnection of El Niño Southern Oscillation to the stratosphere, Rev. Geophys., 2019, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 5–47.
Duchon, C.E., Lanczos filtering in one and two dimensions, J. Appl. Meteorol., 1979, vol. 18, pp. 1016–1022.
Fink, A.H., Brücher, T., Ermert, V., et al., The European storm Kyrill in January 2007: Synoptic evolution, meteorological impacts and some considerations with respect to climate change, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 2009, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 405–423.
Fortuin, J.P.F. and Langematz, U., Update on the global ozone climatology and on concurrent ozone and temperature trends, Proc. SPIE, 1995, vol. 2311, pp. 207–216.
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov.
Graff, L.S. and LaCasce, J.H., Changes in the extratropical storm tracks in response to changes in SST in an AGCM, J. Clim., 2012, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 1854–1870.
Gushchina, D., Kolennikova, M., Dewitte, B., Yeh, S.-W., On the relationship between ENSO diversity and the ENSO atmospheric teleconnection to high-latitudes, Int. J. Climatol., 2022, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 1303–1325.
Held, I.M., Lyons, S.W., and Nigam, S., Transients and the extratropical response to El Niño, J. Atmos. Sci., 1989, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 163–174.
Hitchcock, P. and Simpson, I.R., The downward influence of stratospheric sudden warmings, J. Atmos. Sci., 2014, vol. 71, no. 10, pp. 3856–3876.
Horel, J.D. and Wallace, J.M., Planetary-scale atmospheric phenomena associated with the southern oscillation, Mon. Weather. Rev., 1981, vol. 109, no. 4, pp. 813–829.
Hoskins, B.J. and Karoly, D.J., The steady linear response of a spherical atmosphere to thermal and orographic forcing, J. Atmos. Sci., 1981, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 1179–1196.
Hoskins, B.J. and Pearce, R., Large-Scale Dynamical Processes in the Atmosphere, London–New York: Academic Press, 1983.
Hoskins, B.J. and Valdes, P.J., On the existence of storm-tracks, J. Atmos. Sci., 1990, vol. 47, no. 15, pp. 1854–1864. https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/model-development.
Hurrell, J.W., Hack, J.J., Shea, D., et al., A new sea surface temperature and sea ice boundary dataset for the community atmosphere model, J. Clim., 2008, vol. 21, no. 19, pp. 5145–5153.
Jucker, M. and Gerber, E.P., Untangling the annual cycle of the tropical tropopause layer with an idealized moist model, J. Clim., 2017, vol. 30, no. 18, pp. 7339–7358.
Karpechko, A.Yu., Hitchcock, P., Peters, D.H.W., and Schneidereit, A., Predictability of downward propagation of major sudden stratospheric warmings, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 2017, vol. 143, no. 704, pp. 1459–1470.
Kidston, J., Scaife, A.A., Hardiman, S.C., et al., Stratospheric influence on tropospheric jet streams, storm tracks and surface weather, Nat. Geosci., 2015, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 433–440.
Kolennikova, M.A., Vargin, P.N., and Gushchina, D.Yu., Interrelations between El Niño indices and major characteristics of polar stratosphere according to CMIP5 models and reanalysis, Russ. Meteorol. Hydrol., 2021, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 351–364.
Kolstad, E.W., Breiteig, T., and Scaife, A.A., The association between stratospheric weak polar vortex events and cold air outbreaks in the Northern Hemisphere, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 2010, vol. 136, no. 649, pp. 886–893.
Kretschmer, M., Cohen, J., Matthias, V., et al., The different stratospheric influence on cold-extremes in Eurasia and North America, NPJ Clim. Atmos. Sci., 2018, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 44.
Kug, J.S., Jin, F.F., and An, S.I., Two types of El Niño events: Cold tongue El Niño and warm pool El Niño, J. Clim., 2009, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 1499–1515.
Leathers, D.J., Yarnal, B., and Palecki, M.A., The Pacific/North American teleconnection pattern and United States climate. Part I: Regional temperature and precipitation associations, J. Clim., 1991, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 517–528.
L’Heureux, M.L. and Thompson, D.W.J., Observed relationships between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the extratropical zonal-mean circulation, J. Clim., 2006, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 276–287.
Lu, J., Chen, G., and Frierson, D.M.W., Response of the zonal mean atmospheric circulation to El Niño versus global warming, J. Clim., 2008, vol. 21, no. 22, pp. 5835–5851.
Martineau, P. and Son, S.W., Onset of circulation anomalies during stratospheric vortex weakening events: The role of planetary-scale waves, J. Clim., 2015, vol. 28, no. 18, pp. 7347–7370.
Nerushev, A.F., Visheratin, K.N., and Ivangorodsky, R.V., Dynamics of high-altitude jet streams from satellite measurements and their relationship with climatic parameters and large-scale atmospheric phenomena, Izv., Atmos. Ocean. Phys., 2019, vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 1198–1209.
Orlanski, I., Poleward deflection of storm tracks, J. Atmos. Sci., 1998, vol. 55, no. 16, pp. 2577–2602.
Rayner, N.A., Parker, D.E., Horton, E.B., et al., Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century, J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos., 2003, vol. 108, no. D14.
Reynolds, R.W., Smith, T.M., Liu, C., et al., Daily high-resolution-blended analyses for sea surface temperature, J. Clim., 2007, vol. 20, no. 22, pp. 5473–5496.
Sampe, T., Nakamura, H., Goto, A., and Ohfuchi, W., Significance of a midlatitude SST frontal zone in the formation of a storm track and an eddy-driven westerly jet, J. Clim., 2010, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 1793–1814.
Santoso, A., Mcphaden, M., and Cai, W., The defining characteristics of ENSO extremes and the strong 2015/2016 El Niño, Rev. Geophys., 2017, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 1079–1129.
Schneidereit, A., Schubert, S., Vargin, P., Lunkeit, F., Zhu, X., Peters, D., and Fraedrich, K., Large scale flow and the longlasting blocking high over Russia: Summer 2010, Mon. Weather Rev., 2012, vol. 140, pp. 2967–2981.
Seager, R., Harnik, N., Kushnir, Y., et al., Mechanisms of hemispherically symmetric climate variability, J. Clim., 2003, vol. 16, no. 18, pp. 2960–2978.
Sobaeva, D., Zyulyaeva, Y., and Gulev, S., ENSO and PDO effect on stratospheric dynamics in Isca numerical experiments, Atmosphere, 2023, vol. 14, no. 459. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14030459
Sun, C., Li, J., and Ding, R., Strengthening relationship between ENSO and western Russian summer surface temperature, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2016, vol. 43, pp. 843–851.
Thomson, S.I. and Vallis, G.K., Atmospheric response to SST anomalies. Part I: Background-state dependence, teleconnections, and local effects in winter, J. Atmos. Sci., 2018, vol. 75, no. 12, pp. 4107–4124.
Tilinina, N., Gulev, S.K., Rudeva, I., and Koltermann, P., Comparing cyclone life cycle characteristics and their interannual variability in different reanalyses, J. Clim., 2013, vol. 26, no. 17, pp. 6419–6438.
Trenberth, K.E., The definition of El Niño, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 1997, vol. 78, no. 12, pp. 2771–2778.
Trenberth, K.E., Branstator, G.W., Karoly, D., et al., Progress during TOGA in understanding and modeling global teleconnections associated with tropical sea surface temperatures, J. Geophys. Res.: Oceans, 1998, vol. 103, no. C7, pp. 14291–14324.
Ulbrich, U., Brücher, T., Fink, A.H., et al., The central European floods of August 2002: Part 1. Rainfall periods and flood development, Weather, 2003, vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 371–377.
Vallis, G.K., Colyer, G., Geen, R., et al., Isca, v1. 0: A framework for the global modelling of the atmospheres of Earth and other planets at varying levels of complexity, Geosci. Model Dev., 2018, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 843–859.
Vargin, P.N. and Medvedeva, I.V., Temperature and dynamical regimes of the northern hemisphere extratropical atmosphere during sudden stratospheric warming in winter 2012–2013, Izv., Atmos. Ocean. Phys., 2015, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 12–29.
Vargin, P.N., Martynova, P.N., Volodin, E.M., and Kostrykin, S.V., Investigation of boreal storm tracks in historical simulations of INM CM5 and reanalysis data, IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., 2019, vol. 386, no. 1, p. 012007.
White, I., et al., The downward influence of sudden stratospheric warmings: Association with tropospheric precursors, J. Clim., 2019, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 85–108.
Yin, J.H., A consistent poleward shift of the storm tracks in simulations of 21st century climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2005, vol. 32, no. 18.
Funding
This work was carried out with financial support from the Russian Science Foundation as part of scientific project no. 22-27-00655.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors of this work declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note.
Pleiades Publishing remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
The article was prepared on the basis of an oral report presented at the IV All-Russian Conference with International Participation “Turbulence, Dynamics of the Atmosphere and Climate,” dedicated to the memory of Academician A.M. Obukhov (Moscow, November 22–24, 2022).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zyulyaeva, Y.A., Sobaeva, D.A. & Gulev, S.K. Response of the Tropospheric Dynamics to Extreme States of the Stratospheric Polar Vortex during ENSO Phases in Idealized Model Experiments. Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys. 59, 624–635 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433823060130
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433823060130