Abstract
Bamboo culm is a natural material characterized by a graded structure of vascular bundles in the radial direction and a regular distribution of bamboo nodes in the axial direction. To investigate the adaptation of bamboo culm structure to its natural environment, the bamboo culm structure was analyzed using a vascular bundle identification model, complemented by mechanical simulations. The results showed a certain pattern in the macroscopic dimensional characteristics of bamboo from the base to the top: the outer diameter decreased linearly; the internode length initially increased before decreasing; the length-to-diameter ratio gradually increased; and the wall-to-cavity ratio initially decreased before increasing. In response to external forces, bamboo exhibited strong stability, which was attributed to the thin and hollow wall as well as parabolic distribution of bamboo nodes. Along the axial direction, vascular bundle numbers linearly decreased, while the ratio of fiber sheath tissue and the distribution frequency of vascular bundles increased from the base to the top. In the radial direction, the length and area of vascular bundles tended to increase before decreasing, while the width tended to increase, leading to a decreasing length-to-width ratio. Overall, the radial variation pattern of vascular bundles showed nonsignificant variations at different heights.
Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of China
Award Identifier / Grant number: 32071855
Funding source: Basic Scientific Research Funds of the International Center for Bamboo and Rattan
Award Identifier / Grant number: 1632022016
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Research ethics: The aim of this study is to analyze the structure of bamboo culms using computer vision and mechanical simulation and does not involve any activities with human or animal participation. Therefore, this study does not raise any ethical concerns and does not require approval from an ethics committee.
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Author contributions: F.D. wrote the main manuscript; Y.C.: writing – editing; W.Z.: resources; T.Z.: conceptualization; G.T.: methodology; H.W.: funding acquisition, methodology, project administration. All authors reviewed the manuscript and approved its submission.
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Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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Research funding: This work was supported by the Basic Scientific Research Funds of the International Center for Bamboo and Rattan (grant no. 1632022016) and the National Natural Science Foundation (grant no. 32071855).
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Data availability: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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