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Compound isolation through bioassay-guided fractionation of Tectona grandis leaf extract against Vibrio pathogens in shrimp

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Abstract

Tectona grandis Linn, commonly known as teak, is traditionally used to treat a range of diseases, including the common cold, headaches, bronchitis, scabies, diabetes, inflammation, and others. The present study was conducted with the purpose of isolating and identifying the active compounds in T. grandis leaf against a panel of Vibrio spp., which may induce vibriosis in shrimp, using bioassay-guided purification. The antimicrobial activity was assessed using the microdilution method, followed by the brine shrimp lethality assay to determine toxicity. Following an initial screening with a number of different solvents, it was established that the acetone extract was the most effective. The acetone extract was then exposed to silica gel chromatography followed by reversed-phase HPLC and further UHPLC-orbitrap-ion trap mass spectrometry to identify the active compounds. Three compounds called 1-hydroxy-2,6,8-trimethoxy-9,10-anthraquinone, deoxyanserinone B, and khatmiamycin were identified with substantial anti-microbial action against V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, V. harveyi, V. anguillarum, and V. vulnificus. The IC50 values of the three compounds viz. 1-hydroxy-2,6,8-trimethoxy-9,10-anthraquinone, deoxyanserinone B, and khatmiamycin varied between 2 and 28, 7 and 38, and 7 and 56 μg/mL, respectively, which are as good as the standard antibiotics such as amoxicillin and others. The in vivo toxicity test revealed that the compounds were non-toxic to shrimp. The results of the study suggest that T. grandis leaf can be used as a source of bioactive compounds to treat Vibrio species in shrimp farming.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the Bangladesh National Herbarium (BNH), Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, for assistance in plant identification. Professor Sebastien Carpentier and Kusay Arat are sincerely thanked for their cooperation in implementing the UHPLC-Orbitrap-ion trap mass spectrometry in their laboratory. We would like to thank Arckens Lab for facilitating the hatching of Artemia for toxicity testing. We appreciate Ajmal Khan’s assistance with the in vitro cytotoxicity experiment.

Funding

The first author AK Ghosh was funded by a Prime Minister Fellowship from the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. W Luyten largely supported himself.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Sher-E-Bangla Rd, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh

    Alokesh Kumar Ghosh

  2. Center of Environment Climate Change and Public Health, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751004, India

    Sujogya Kumar Panda

  3. School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China

    Haibo Hu

  4. Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59 – box 2465, 3000, Leuven, Belgium

    Liliane Schoofs & Walter Luyten

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  1. Alokesh Kumar Ghosh
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  4. Liliane Schoofs
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Contributions

Alokesh Kumar Ghosh: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Data curation, Writing-original draft preparation. Sujogya Kumar Panda: Supervision, Writing – review & editing. Haibo Hu: Software, Writing – review & editing. Liliane Schoofs: Supervision, Writing - review & editing, Walter Luyten: Supervision, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing.

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Correspondence to Alokesh Kumar Ghosh.

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Ghosh, A.K., Panda, S.K., Hu, H. et al. Compound isolation through bioassay-guided fractionation of Tectona grandis leaf extract against Vibrio pathogens in shrimp. Int Microbiol (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-023-00468-5

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