Abstract
A filled thin-walled tube is an excellent energy absorption device, and its performance is closely related to the filled core material. In this paper, a porous metal-high performance concrete interpenetrating phase composites (PMCIPC) filling core material is proposed, which takes porous nickel as the matrix and high-performance concrete as the reinforcing element, trying to improve the energy absorption of thin-walled tube. Axial quasi-static compression tests were carried out on empty tube, PMCIPC and filled tube. Based on the experimental results, the effects of wall thickness and aspect ratio on the deformation and energy absorption performance of the filled tube were studied by numerical simulation. The results show that the larger wall thickness increases the energy absorption of the empty tube and the filled tube. The PMCIPC filling further improves the energy absorption capacity, and for the empty tubes with smaller wall thickness, the PMCIPC significantly increases the crushing force efficiency. When the aspect ratio (L/D) is 3.7, the deformation mode of the filled tube is Euler instability, and the performance begins to decrease sharply. Finally, a theoretical model is established to predict the mean crushing force of the filled tubes. The model results are in good agreement with the experimental results. This study provides effective guidance for the design of thin-walled structures with high energy absorption efficiency.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexander, J. M. (1960). An approximate analysis of the collapse of thin cylindrical shells under axial loading. The Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics, 13, 10–15.
Ali, S. B., Kamaris, G. S., Gkantou, M., & Kansara, K. D. (2022). Concrete-filled and bare 6082–T6 aluminium alloy tubes under in-plane bending: Experiments, finite element analysis and design recommendations. Thin-Walled Structures, 172, 108907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2022.108907
Andrews, K. R. F., England, G. L., & Ghani, E. (1983). Classification of the axial collapse of cylindrical tubes under quasi-static loading. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 25, 687–696. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7403(83)90076-0
Baroutaji, A., Sajjia, M., & Olabi, A.-G. (2017). On the crashworthiness performance of thin-walled energy absorbers: Recent advances and future developments. Thin-Walled Structures, 118, 137–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2017.05.018
Cetin, E., & Baykasoğlu, C. (2020). Crashworthiness of graded lattice structure filled thin-walled tubes under multiple impact loadings. Thin-Walled Structures, 154, 106849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2020.106849
Chapkin, W. A., Simone, D. L., Frank, G. J., & Baur, J. W. (2021). Mechanical behavior and energy dissipation of infilled, composite Ti-6Al-4V trusses. Materials Design, 203, 109602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109602
Chen W. F. Plasticity in reinforced concrete. J. Ross Publishing; (2007).
Dannemann, K. A., & Lankford, J. (2000). High strain rate compression of closed-cell aluminium foams. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 293, 157–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01219-3
Duarte, I., Krstulović-Opara, L., Dias-de-Oliveira, J., & Vesenjak, M. (2019). Axial crush performance of polymer-aluminium alloy hybrid foam filled tubes. Thin-Walled Structures, 138, 124–136.
Experimental and numerical studies of foam-filled sections—ScienceDirect n.d. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0734743X99000366 (accessed May 23, 2023).
Fan, Z., Zhang, B., Liu, Y., Suo, T., Xu, P., & Zhang, J. (2021). Interpenetrating phase composite foam based on porous aluminum skeleton for high energy absorption. Polymer Testing, 93, 106917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106917
Fu, J., Liu, Q., Liufu, K., Deng, Y., Fang, J., & Li, Q. (2019). Design of bionic-bamboo thin-walled structures for energy absorption. Thin-Walled Structures, 135, 400–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2018.10.003
Gibson L. J, Ashby M. F. Cellular solids : structure and properties. Cellular solids : structure and properties; (1997).
Guillow, S. R., Lu, G., & Grzebieta, R. H. (2001). Quasi-static axial compression of thin-walled circular aluminium tubes. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 43, 2103–2123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7403(01)00031-5
Hanssen, A. G., Langseth, M., & Hopperstad, O. S. (2000b). Static and dynamic crushing of square aluminium extrusions with aluminium foam filler. International Journal of Impact Engineering., 24(4), 347–383.
Hanssen, A. G., Langseth, M., & Hopperstad, O. S. (2000a). Static and dynamic crushing of circular aluminium extrusions with aluminium foam filler. International Journal of Impact Engineering., 24(5), 475–507.
He, W., Wang, L., Liu, H., Wang, C., Yao, L., Li, Q., et al. (2021). On impact behavior of fiber metal laminate (FML) structures: A state-of-the-art review. Thin-Walled Structures, 167, 108026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2021.108026
Jhaver, R., & Tippur, H. (2009). Processing, compression response and finite element modeling of syntactic foam based interpenetrating phase composite (IPC). Materials Science and Engineering A, 499, 507–517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2008.09.042
Jiao, C., Liu, Y., Wu, S., Ma, Y., Huang, J., & Liu, W. (2021). Influence of pounding buffer zone for mitigation of seismic response of curved bridges. Structures, 32, 137–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.02.046
Kishimoto, S., Wang, Q., Tanaka, Y., & Kagawa, Y. (2014). Compressive mechanical properties of closed-cell aluminum foam–polymer composites. Composites Part B Engineering, 64, 43–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.04.009
Lee, M., Seo, H., & Kang, C. (2017). Comparison of collision test results for center-pillar reinforcements with TWB and CR420/CFRP hybrid composite materials using experimental and theoretical methods. Composite Structures, 168, 698–709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.02.068
Li, S., Guo, X., Liao, J., Li, Q., & Sun, G. (2020). Crushing analysis and design optimization for foam-filled aluminum/CFRP hybrid tube against transverse impact. Composites Part B Engineering, 196, 108029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108029
Li, W., An, X., Zheng, Q., Yang, F., & Fan, H. (2019). Hierarchical design, manufacture and crushing behaviors of CFRP tubular energy absorbers. Thin-Walled Structures, 140, 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.03.058
Lin, Z. R., Lai, Y., & Tian, Y. F. (2014). Analysis and experimentation research of the static compressive mechanical test of foam aluminum composite. Advanced Materials Research, 1030–1032, 16–19. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1030-1032.16
Meng, J., Liu, T.-W., Wang, H.-Y., & Dai, L.-H. (2021). Ultra-high energy absorption high-entropy alloy syntactic foam. Composites Part B Engineering, 207, 108563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108563
Palomba, G., Epasto, G., & Crupi, V. (2022). Lightweight sandwich structures for marine applications: A review. Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 29, 4839–4864. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2021.1941448
Pinto, S. C., Marques, P. A. A. P., Vesenjak, M., Vicente, R., Godinho, L., Krstulović-Opara, L., et al. (2019). Mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties of aluminum foams impregnated with epoxy/graphene oxide nanocomposites. Metals, 9, 1214. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9111214
Rahnavard, R., Craveiro, H. D., Lopes, M., Simões, R. A., Laím, L., & Rebelo, C. (2022b). Concrete-filled cold-formed steel (CF-CFS) built-up columns under compression: Test and design. Thin-Walled Structures, 179, 109603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2022.109603
Rahnavard, R., Craveiro, H. D., Simões, R. A., Laím, L., & Santiago, A. (2022a). Buckling resistance of concrete-filled cold-formed steel (CF-CFS) built-up short columns under compression. Thin-Walled Structures, 170, 108638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2021.108638
Rahnavard, R., Craveiro, H. D., Simões, R. A., & Santiago, A. (2023). Concrete-filled cold-formed steel (CF-CFS) built-up columns subjected to elevated temperatures: Test and design. Thin-Walled Structures, 188, 110792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2023.110792
Reinfried, M., Stephani, G., Luthardt, F., Adler, J., John, M., & Krombholz, A. (2011). Hybrid foams–a new approach for multifunctional applications. Advanced Engineering Materials, 13, 1031–1036.
Shi, P., Yu, Q., Huang, R., Zhao, X., & Zhu, G. (2019). Crashworthy and performance-cost characteristics of aluminum-CFRP hybrid tubes under quasi-static axial loading. Fibers and Polymers, 20, 384–397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-019-8451-9
Stangl, P. K., & Meguid, S. A. (1991). Experimental and theoretical evaluation of a novel shock absorber for an electrically powered vehicle. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 11, 41–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/0734-743X(91)90030-J
Sun, G., Chen, D., Zhu, G., & Li, Q. (2022). Lightweight hybrid materials and structures for energy absorption: A state-of-the-art review and outlook. Thin-Walled Structures, 172, 108760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2021.108760
Sun, G., Li, S., Liu, Q., Li, G., & Li, Q. (2016). Experimental study on crashworthiness of empty/aluminum foam/honeycomb-filled CFRP tubes. Composite Structures, 152, 969–993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.06.019
Sun, G., Wang, Z., Yu, H., Gong, Z., & Li, Q. (2019a). Experimental and numerical investigation into the crashworthiness of metal-foam-composite hybrid structures. Composite Structures, 209, 535–547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.10.051
Sun, J., Wang, H., & Peng, H. X. (2019b). Dynamic mechanical properties of metal matrix composites: A mini review. Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 37, 664–671.
Tzortzinis, G., Gross, A., & Gerasimidis, S. (2022). Auxetic boosting of confinement in mortar by 3D reentrant truss lattices for next generation steel reinforced concrete members. Extreme Mechanics Letters, 52, 101681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2022.101681
Wang, Y., Zhai, X., Ying, W., & Wang, W. (2018). Dynamic crushing response of an energy absorption connector with curved plate and aluminum foam as energy absorber. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 121, 119–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2018.07.016
Wierzbicki T. Optimum design of integrated front panel against crash. Report for Ford Motor Company Vehicle Component Dept, 5 (1983)
Xiang, X., Zou, S., Ha, N. S., Lu, G., & Kong, I. (2020). Energy absorption of bio-inspired multi-layered graded foam-filled structures under axial crushing. Composites Part B Engineering, 198, 108216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108216
Yang, F., Fan, H., & Meguid, S. A. (2019). Effect of foam-filling on collapse mode transition of thin-walled circular columns under axial compression: Analytical, numerical and experimental studies. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 150, 665–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2018.10.047
Yao, R.-Y., Zhang, B., Yin, G.-S., & Zhao, Z.-Y. (2021). Energy absorption behaviors of foam-filled holed tube subjected to axial crushing: Experimental and theoretical investigations. Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 28, 2501–2514. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2020.1745968
Zhang, Z., Sun, W., Zhao, Y., & Hou, S. (2018). Crashworthiness of different composite tubes by experiments and simulations. Composites Part B Engineering, 143, 86–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.01.021
Zhao, C., Li, Q., Zhong, X., & Zhang, T. (2021). Experimental study on basic mechanical properties of porous metal-concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 304, 124663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124663
Zheng, X., Ren, Z., Bai, H., Wu, Z., & Guo, Y. (2022). Mechanical behavior of entangled metallic wire materials-polyurethane interpenetrating composites. Defence Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2022.03.007
Acknowledgements
The research described in this paper is financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (52178285), the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2020JJ5195) and Scientific Research Foundation of Hunan Provincial Education Department (CN) (20B218). The supports are gratefully acknowledged.
Funding
The Natural Science Foundation of China,52178285,xingu zhong,the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,2020JJ5195,chao zhao,Scientific Research Foundation of Hunan Provincial Education Department (CN),20B218,chao zhao
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing Interests
The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest to this work. We declare that we do not have any commercial or associative interest that represents a conflict of interest in connection with the work submitted.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Zhou, Y., Zhao, C., Zhong, X. et al. Deformation and Energy Absorption Properties of Porous Metal-Concrete Interpenetrating Phase Composites Filled Thin-Walled Tubes. Int J Steel Struct 24, 14–32 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-023-00795-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-023-00795-3