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Air quality monitoring in Ukraine during 2022 military conflict using Sentinel-5P imagery

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Abstract

Air quality assessment is an important task, due to the adverse effects of air pollution on human health. This importance is more highlighted when it comes to exceptional events such as war. Early 2022 witnessed the start of a military conflict between Ukraine and Russia. As with any similar event, this war influences the environment in different aspects. The objective of this study is air quality monitoring in Ukraine using Sentinel-5P imagery and Google Earth Engine. To this end, the monthly concentration of four gaseous pollutants including ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (HCHO), and carbon monoxide (CO) in 2022 is compared to 2019 and 2021 as business-as-usual (BAU) periods. Further statistical focus of this evaluation is on five major cities, namely Kiev, Kharkiv, Donetsk, Kherson, and Lviv. According to the results, the general trend of the O3 concentration is found to be increasing, whereas NO2, HCHO, and CO follow mostly a decreasing trend. However, the records of Lviv in terms of NO2 and HCHO indicate significant discrepancies with other cities that are deemed warfronts. Moreover, based on the applied t-test, the differences between the 2022 concentrations and BAU years in most cases are statistically significant. In summary, this study revealed evident effects of the ongoing war on the anthropogenic activities in Ukraine and, consequently, changes in air pollution.

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Availability of data and materials

The data used for the current study is available publicly from Sentinel-5 satellites.

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  1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico Di Milano, Lecco Campus, Lecco, Italy

    Mohammad Mehrabi

  2. Department of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering, Politecnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy

    Marco Scaioni & Mattia Previtali

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Conceptualization, data curation, methodology, writing—original draft preparation, writing—review and editing, software, and visualization were performed by MM. Optimization and supervision were performed by MS and MP. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mohammad Mehrabi.

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Mehrabi, M., Scaioni, M. & Previtali, M. Air quality monitoring in Ukraine during 2022 military conflict using Sentinel-5P imagery. Air Qual Atmos Health (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-023-01488-w

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