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Preparation and characterization of new antifouling coating based on alkyd paint modified with hydrophobic cationic biocide

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Abstract

New water-immiscible cationic biocide 1-dodecylpyridinium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (PyrC12-DBS) has been synthesized and tested as potential antifouling agent for commercial alkyd paint PP-115 (Ukraine). The modified PP-115/PyrC12-DBS coatings containing 8% and 16% (w/w) of PyrC12-DBS were prepared by dissolution directly of the cationic biocide into the PP-115 paint. Once the stainless steel bars were painted, the surface wettability of the coating was found to be significantly increased when modified with cationic biocide. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) studies indicate high homogeneity of the modified coatings. Infrared analysis revealed hydrogen bonding between ester groups of alkyd resin and pyridinium cations of PyrC12-DBS. The plasticizing effect of the cationic biocide on the alkyd binder has also been revealed by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. According to spectrophotometric analysis data, PyrC12-DBS has excellent resistance to leaching from protective coatings into water. Antibiofilm efficiency of PyrC12-DBS was evaluated by assessing the capability of two biofilm-forming model strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01, to form attached biofilms on the surface coated with modified alkyd paint. A significant decrease in biofilm metabolic activity, as well as in cell biomass, was determined for PP-115/PyrC12-DBS (16%) coatings. The antifouling activity was evaluated by exposure to experimental substrates in freshwater (Dnipro River) for 143 days. The surface of PP-115/PyrC12-DBS (16%) coatings showed an almost 13-fold reduction of total biomass formed by Dreissenidae mussels compared with control substrates. Overall, the obtained data indicate that the contact-active protective coatings based on water-insoluble polymer matrix and water-insoluble cationic biocide may effectively resist biofouling at relatively high biocide content.

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Data availability

The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper. Should any raw data files be needed in another format they are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Source data are provided with this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Modification of Polymers, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, 50, Kharkivske shose, Kyiv, 02160, Ukraine

    Sergiy Rogalsky, Oleg Dzhuzha & Oksana Tarasyuk

  2. Department of Cell Regulatory Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the NAS of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotnoho str., Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine

    Olena Moshynets

  3. Department of Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology (UCT) Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic

    Anastasiia Hubina

  4. Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 747/2, Praha 8, Prague, 180 00, Czech Republic

    Alina Madalina Darabut & Yevheniia Lobko

  5. Department of Ecological Hydrology and Water Ecosystem Management, Institute of Hydrobiology of the NAS of Ukraine, 12, Volodymyra Ivasyuka Avenue, Kyiv, 04210, Ukraine

    Iryna Morozovska & Oleksandr Protasov

  6. Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Le Mans, France

    Jean-François Bardeau

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  1. Sergiy Rogalsky
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Contributions

SR and OM were involved in conceptualization; J-FB and OP were involved in methodology and data curation; OM, J-FB, OD, OT, AH, AMD, and IM were involved in investigation; YL was involved in formal analysis; and SR and J-FB were involved in writing–original draft preparation.

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Correspondence to Sergiy Rogalsky.

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Rogalsky, S., Moshynets, O., Dzhuzha, O. et al. Preparation and characterization of new antifouling coating based on alkyd paint modified with hydrophobic cationic biocide. J Coat Technol Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-023-00862-8

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