Abstract
Background
Besides its primary clinical utility in predicting bleeding risk in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the PRECISE-DAPT (Predicting Bleeding Complications in Patients Undergoing Stent Implantation and Subsequent Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy) score may also be useful for predicting long-term mortality in ACS patients presenting with cardiogenic shock (CS) since several studies have reported an association between the score and certain cardiovascular conditions or events. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the utility of the PRECISE-DAPT score for predicting the long-term all-cause mortality in patients (n = 293) with ACS presenting with CS.
Methods
The PRECISE-DAPT score was calculated for each patient who survived in hospital, and the association with long-term mortality was studied. Median follow-up time was 2.7 years. The performance of the final model was determined with measurements of its discriminative power (Harrell’s and Uno’s C indices and time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]) and predictive accuracy (coefficient of determination [R2] and likelihood ratio χ2). Hazard ratios (HRs) were used to assess the relationship between the variables of the model and long-term all-cause death.
Results
All-cause death occurred in 197 patients (67%). There was a positive association between the PRECISE-DAPT score (change from 17 to 38 was associated with an HR of 2.42 [95% CI: 1.59–3.68], R2 = 0.209, time-dependent AUC = 0.69) and the risk of death such that in the adjusted survival curve, the risk of mortality increased as the PRECISE-DAPT score increased.
Conclusion
The PRECISE-DAPT score may be a useful easy-to-use tool for predicting long-term mortality in patients with ACS complicated by CS.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Neben seinem primären klinischen Nutzen zur Vorhersage des Blutungsrisikos bei Patienten mit akutem Koronarsyndrom (ACS) könnte der PRECISE-DAPT-Score (Predicting Bleeding Complications in Patients Undergoing Stent Implantation and Subsequent Dual Anti-platelet Therapy) auch zur Vorhersage der Langzeitmortalität bei ACS-Patienten nützlich sein, bei denen es zum kardiogenen Schock (CS) kommt, denn in verschiedenen Studien wurde über einen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Score und bestimmten kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen oder Ereignissen berichtet. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, den Nutzen des PRECISE-DAPT-Scores bei der Vorhersage der Langzeitmortalität aus sämtlichen Ursachen bei Patienten (n = 293) mit ACS und CS zu untersuchen.
Methoden
Dazu wurde der PRECISE-DAPT-Score für jeden Patienten bestimmt, der im Krankenhaus überlebte, und dann der Zusammenhang mit der Langzeitmortalität wurde untersucht. Die mittlere Nachbeobachtungsdauer betrug 2,7 Jahre. Die Leistungsfähigkeit des endgültigen Modells wurde bestimmt anhand von Messungen seiner Trennschärfe (Harrell- und Uno-C-Index sowie zeitabhängige Fläche unter der Receiver-Operating-Characteristic[ROC]-Kurve, AUC) und Vorhersagegenauigkeit (Bestimmtheitsmaß [R2] und Likelihood-Quotienten‑χ2). Die Hazard Ratio (HR) wurde verwendet, um die Beziehung zwischen den Variablen des Modells und der Langzeitmortalität aus sämtlichen Ursachen zu ermitteln.
Ergebnisse
Bei 197 Patienten (67 %) kam es zum Tod aus sämtlichen Ursachen. Es bestand eine positive Assoziation zwischen dem PRECISE-DAPT-Score (die Änderung von 17 auf 38 ging mit einer HR von 2,42 einher [95 %-Konfidenzintervall, 95 %-KI: 1,59–3,68], R2 = 0,209, zeitabhängige AUC = 0,69) und dem Risiko für Tod, sodass in der adjustierten Überlebenskurve das Mortalitätsrisiko mit dem Anstieg des PRECISE-DAPT-Scores zunahm.
Schlussfolgerung
Der PRECISE-DAPT-Score stellt möglicherweise ein einfach zu verwendendes Instrument für die Vorhersage der Langzeitmortalität bei Patienten mit ACS und der Komplikation eines CS dar.
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S. Akyuz, A.N. Calik, T. Onuk, B. Yaylak, Z. Kolak, S. Eren, F. Mollaalioglu, F. Durak, M. Cetin and I.H. Tanboga declare that they have no competing interests.
For this article no studies with human participants or animals were performed by any of the authors. All studies mentioned were in accordance with the ethical standards indicated in each case.
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Akyuz, S., Calik, A.N., Onuk, T. et al. The predictive value of PRECISE-DAPT score for long-term mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome complicated by cardiogenic shock. Herz (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-023-05231-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-023-05231-0
Keywords
- PRECISE-DAPT score
- Acute coronary syndrome
- Cardiogenic shock
- Mortality
- Percutaneous coronary intervention