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Plant and yeast consortium for efficient remediation of dyes and effluents: a biochemical and toxicological study

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Abstract

Textile effluent carries a range of dyes that may be recalcitrant and resistant to biodegradation. A unique consortium of the Fimbristylis dichotoma and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is exploited for the biodegradation of an azo dye Rubine GFL and actual textile effluent. This consortium enhances the rate of biodegradation of Rubine GFL and actual textile effluent with an excellent rate of biodegradation of 92% for Rubine GFL and 68% for actual textile effluent when compared to the individual one within 96 h. Speedy decolorization of Rubine GFL and actual textile effluent was observed due to the induction of oxido-reductive enzymes of the FD-SC consortium. Along with the significant reduction in the values of COD, BOD, ADMI, TSS, and TDS with 70, 64, 65, 41, and 52%, respectively, in experimental sets treated with FD-SC consortium. The biodegradation of Rubine GFL was confirmed with UV-Vis spectroscopy at the preliminary level, and then, metabolites formed after degradation were detected and identified by FTIR, HPLC, and GC-MS techniques. Also, decolorization of the dye was observed in the sections of the root cortex of Fimbristylis dichotoma. The toxicity of dye and metabolites formed after degradation was assessed by seed germination and bacterial count assay, where increased germination % and bacterial count from 31×107CFUs to 92 × 107 CFUs reflect the nontoxic nature of metabolites. Furthermore, the nontoxic nature of metabolites was confirmed by fish toxicity on Cirrhinus mrigala showed normal structures of fish gills and liver in the groups treated with FD-SC consortium proving the better tactic for biodegradation of dyes and textile effluent.

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Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article .

Abbreviations

TDS:

Total dissolved solids

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

TSS:

Total suspended solids

BOD:

Biological oxygen demand

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

mM:

Millimolar

h:

Hour

D/W:

Distilled water

A:

Ampere

ppm:

parts/ million

F. dichotoma :

Fimbristylis dichotoma

S. cerevisiae :

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

CFUs:

Colony forming units

w/v:

Weight by volume

Chl a:

Chlorophyll a

Chl b:

Chlorophyll b

cm:

Centimeter

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

ABTS:

2,2-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid

NAD:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

DAB:

3′,3′-Diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride

DCIP:

2,6-Dichlorophenol indophenol

GG-BL:

Galactomyces geotrichum and Brevibacillus laterosporus

CI:

Color index

RT:

Room temperature

MTPI:

Mahesh textile processing industries

OD:

Optical density

mL:

Milliliter

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Acknowledgement

Mr. Rahul R. Jadhav is thankful to Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj Research, Training, and Human Development Institute (SARTHI), Pune, Government of Maharashtra for providing the CSMNRF-2019 fellowship award. Dr. Savita R. Tapase is thankful to University Grant Commission (UGC), India for providing Dr. D. S. Kothari postdoctoral fellowship (2006(BSR)/BR/18-19/0343). Prof. Jyoti P. Jadhav is thankful to DBT, New Delhi, India, for for SUK-IPLS program (BT/PR4572/INF/22/147). Dr. Vishal V. Chandanshive is thankful to DBT, New Delhi (Grant No. BT/PR18965/BCE/8/1401/2016 dated 15- 06-2017) for providing Senior Research Fellowship. Also, all authors are thankful to Shivaji University, Kolhapur for providing lab and research facility.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, India

    Rahul R. Jadhav, Savita R. Tapase & Jyoti P. Jadhav

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Willingdon College, Sangli, 416415, India

    Rahul R. Jadhav

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, India

    Vishal V. Chandanshive & Jyoti P. Jadhav

  4. Department of Zoology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, India

    Anna D. Gophane

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  1. Rahul R. Jadhav
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study's conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Rahul R. Jadhav, Savita R. Tapase, and Anna D. Gophane. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Rahul R. Jadhav and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jyoti P. Jadhav.

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Jadhav, R.R., Tapase, S.R., Chandanshive, V.V. et al. Plant and yeast consortium for efficient remediation of dyes and effluents: a biochemical and toxicological study. Int Microbiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-023-00464-9

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