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Seismic Attributes and Inverse Quantitative Static Density–Porosity–Constraint Reservoir Simulations of Naturally-Fractured Hydrocarbon-Bearing Lower Cretaceous Shallow-Marine Architectures, Onshore Indus, Pakistan

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Abstract

Incised marine valleys (IMVs) are fruitful targets of stratigraphic-based exploration within low-stand system tracts (LSTs). The narrowband volumes constrain the quantification of density, velocity, thickness, lithology, and possible fluids for successful hydrocarbon exploration. This study quantified IMVs using quantitative digital tuning frequency-based seismic volume (DFSV) and tuned frequency-based instantaneous lateral porosity-decomposed inverted density reservoir simulations (LPDS). The seismic amplitudes and reflection strength attributes have imaged medium- to coarse-grained sandstone lenses along the southwestern and westernmost flanks of this gas field. The 24-Hz DFSV imaged a 35 km2 stratigraphic prospect in the aggradation parasequences of fluvial source point bars. The LPDS resolved 7-m-thick gas-bearing reservoirs through blocky gamma-ray signatures. The cross-plot of pseudo and simulated physical parameters showed an R2 of > 0.90 for developing stratigraphically-trapped IMVs in the LSTs, confirming a very high potential of clastic systems for generating hydrocarbons because the reservoir has 1.6–1.8 g/cm3 density of fractured and 23–32% highly porous reservoirs. With strong R2 of > 0.95, an extensive improvement in accommodation space was observed in the porosity range of 23–32% and thickness range of 7–10 m. As a broader implication, there were regionally developed and reduced accommodating spaces of gas-bearing reservoirs within 23–32% porosity range and ~ 10–17% porosity zones. The zones of reductions in accommodation space were under the strong influence of sea-level rise due to compacted sedimentary facies with porosity range of 10–17%, which is equally an analogy aimed at global extensional geology.

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Acknowledgments

Dr. Muhammad Tayyab Naseer is thankful to the Directorate General of Petroleum Concession (DGPC) aimed at for release of the seismic and well data used in this paper. I am also thankful to the Department of Earth Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, and LMKR for providing the research data. Seismic-micro-technology (SMT)-Kingdom Software 8.6 Support team aimed at given that the academic authorities of the geological and geophysical boards, besides their superb maintenance aimed at the achievement of this exploration exertion is greatly accredited. Dr. Muhammad Tayyab Naseer would like mot pay special thanks to Editor-In-Chief Prof. Dr. Emmanuel John M. Carranza for providing his rigorously reviewed constructive recommendations for improvisations and making my presentation of work up to scientific standards during the revisions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. MOL Pakistan Oil and Gas Co. B.V, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Tayyab Naseer

  2. Solid Earth Geophysics Divisions (SEGD), Centre for Earthquake Studies (CES), National Center for Physics (NCP), Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Tayyab Naseer

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  1. Muhammad Tayyab Naseer
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Correspondence to Muhammad Tayyab Naseer.

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Naseer, M.T. Seismic Attributes and Inverse Quantitative Static Density–Porosity–Constraint Reservoir Simulations of Naturally-Fractured Hydrocarbon-Bearing Lower Cretaceous Shallow-Marine Architectures, Onshore Indus, Pakistan. Nat Resour Res 33, 213–238 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-023-10295-0

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