Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effect of changes in natural wetlands on the amphibian diversity at differing spatial and temporal scales. We sampled 10 wetland sites along floodplains in southern Brazil. We classified the sites as reference or altered ponds according to the preservation degree and presence of human impact. The amphibian monitoring was conducted through calling surveys performed between 2015/2016 using an automated recording system that identified the calling male species. We identified 23 species, mainly distributed in the families Hylidae (43%) and Leptodactylidae (34.8%). The altered ponds had lower diversity and higher species dominance. Even ponds with the greatest landscape change revealed a high degree of resilience concerning the amphibian species composition. However, only Boana pulchella was dominant in altered ponds and B. pulchella and Pseudopaludicola falcipes were dominant in reference ponds. A reduction of amphibian richness was driven by the expansion of the urban area and loss of flooding areas. From 1999 to 2016 all sampled sites had their wetland area reduced as the surrounding urban area increased, contributing to the combined loss of habitat and reproductive sites of anurans in subtropical wetlands.
Resumo
Neste estudo, avaliamos o efeito das mudanças nas áreas úmidas naturais sobre a diversidade de anfíbios em escalas espaciais e temporais. Amostramos 10 áreas úmidas ao longo de várzeas no sul do Brasil. Classificamos as áreas como lagoas de referência ou alteradas de acordo com o grau de preservação e presença de impactos antrópicos. O monitoramento dos anfíbios foi realizado por meio de levantamentos de vocalizações entre 2015/2016, utilizando um sistema de registro automatizado que identificou as espécies de anfíbios machos vocalizadores. Identificamos 23 espécies, distribuídas principalmente nas famílias Hylidae (43%) e Leptodactylidae (34,8%). As lagoas alteradas tiveram menor diversidade e maior dominância de espécies. Mesmo as lagoas com maior mudança na paisagem revelaram uma resiliência expressiva em relação à composição de espécies de anfíbios. No entanto, apenas Boana pulchella foi dominante em lagoas alteradas e B. pulchella e Pseudopaludicola falcipes foram dominantes em lagoas de referência. As mudanças na paisagem favoreceram a redução da riqueza de anfíbios impulsionada pela expansão da área urbana e perda de áreas alagáveis. De 1999 a 2016 todos os locais amostrados tiveram suas áreas úmidas reduzidas à medida que a área urbana do entorno aumentou, o que é um cenário desfavorável para a manutenção da biodiversidade. Este diagnóstico revela a perda combinada de habitat e locais reprodutivos de anuros em áreas úmidas subtropicais.
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Data Availability
The datasets generated during and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Comitê Verde Sinos for logistic support, Petrobras Ambiental for financial support (# 6000.0087840.13.2) and encouragement to conduct this research study. We also thank the great support and help from rural landowners, owners of some of the sampling units of this work. We are grateful to the professors of PPG Biologia UNISINOS for their suggestions to the research project and the study’s qualification.
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This work was supported by Petrobras Ambiental (# 6000.0087840.13.2).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and data collection were performed by Natália Oro and Camila Fernanda Moser. Analysis were performed by Alexandro Marques Tozetti, Marina Schmidt Dalzochio, Marcelo Zagonel de Oliveira, Arel Hadi and Jackson Fábio Preuss. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Natália Oro and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Oro, N., Moser, C.F., Dalzochio, M.S. et al. Landscape use and Habitat Configuration Effects on Amphibian Diversity in Southern Brazil Wetlands. Wetlands 44, 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-023-01766-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-023-01766-4