Abstract
The circulating micronutrient pattern in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may impact glycemic control and insulin resistance; however, there is a scarcity of studies that have evaluated the circulating micronutrient pattern in the T2DM population. Therefore, our objective was to identify circulating micronutrient pattern and their association with markers of glycemic control and insulin resistance in individuals with T2DM. We developed a cross-sectional observational study involving adults with T2DM in Sergipe, Brazil. We assessed plasma levels of magnesium, zinc, calcium, potassium, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Additionally, also measured fasting glucose levels, the percentage of glycated hemoglobin (%HbA1c), and calculated the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Patterns of body reserve were established using principal component analysis and categorized into quartiles. Binary logistic regression models were employed. We evaluated 114 individuals (63.7% women), with a median age and body mass index of 49 years and 29.6 kg/m², respectively. Two circulating micronutrient patterns were identified, explaining 62.5% of the variance: Pattern 1 (positive contributions from magnesium, zinc, calcium, and potassium) and Pattern 2 (positive contributions from 25-hydroxyvitamin D and zinc, with a negative contribution from potassium). Lowest quartile for Pattern 1 and Pattern 2 exhibiting a 4.32-fold (p = 0.019) and 3.97-fold (p = 0.038) higher likelihood of increasing HOMA-IR and %HbA1c values, respectively, compared to the larger quartiles. However, no associations were found between these patterns and fasting glucose values. Lowest quartile for both patterns of micronutrients was associated with inadequate metabolic control in individuals with T2DM.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for the financial support (Process: 455117/2014-4 and 432298/2018-5), to the Foundation for the Support of Research and Technological Innovation of the State of Sergipe (Call CAPES/FAPITEC - PROMOB Process: 88881.157967/2017-01), and to the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES - Finance Code 001).
Funding
This work was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (Process: 455117/2014-4 and 432298/2018-5), the Foundation for the Support of Research and Technological Innovation of the State of Sergipe (Call CAPES/FAPITEC - PROMOB Process: 88881.157967/2017-01), and to the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES - Finance Code 001).
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The study was conceptualized by RKFS and LVP All authors contributed to data analysis, interpretation, and manuscript drafting. Each author made a significant contribution to the project and has approved the final version. Study supervision was provided by LVP and AMOS, with funding acquisition managed by LVP.
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Santos, R.K.F., Costa, S.S.L.d., Santos, S.H.d. et al. Association between circulating micronutrient pattern, glycemic control, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biometals 37, 527–537 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-023-00568-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-023-00568-9