Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Blood Circulation in Veins on Resonance Suppression of the Dragonfly Wing Constructed by Numerical Method

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Journal of Bionic Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To reveal the resonance suppression mechanism of the blood circulation in dragonfly wings, a numerical modeling method of dragonfly wings based on Voronoi diagrams is proposed, and the changes in mass, aerodynamic damping, and natural frequencies caused by blood circulation in veins are investigated. The equivalent mass of blood, boundary conditions, and aerodynamic damping are calculated theoretically. Modal analysis and harmonic response analysis of wing models with different blood circulation paths are performed using the finite-element method (FEM). The vibration reduction ratio δ is introduced to compare the damping efficiency of different mass regions. Finally, a natural frequency testing device is constructed to measure the natural frequencies of dragonfly wings. The results indicate that the shape, mass, and natural frequencies of the dragonfly wing model constructed by numerical method agree well with reality. The mass distribution on the wing can be altered by blood circulation, thereby adjusting the natural frequencies and achieving resonance suppression. The highest δ of 1.013 is observed in the C region when blood circulates solely in secondary veins, but it is still lower than the δ of 1.017 when blood circulates in complete veins. The aerodynamic damping ratio (1.19–1.79%) should not be neglected in the vibration analysis of the beating wing.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19

Similar content being viewed by others

Availability of Data and Materials

The data that support the findings of this study are not openly available due to some restrictions and are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

References

  1. Wootton, R. J. (1991). The functional morphology of the wings of odonata. Advances in Odonatology, 5(1), 153–169.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ren, L., & Li, X. (2013). Functional characteristics of dragonfly wings and its bionic investigation progress. Science China Technological Sciences, 56(4), 884–897. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-013-5158-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Guo, M., & Zheng, G. (2021). Stigma as two degrees of freedom energy sink for flutter suppression. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 515, 116441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2021.116441

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Song, Z. L., Tong, J., Yan, Y. W., & Sun, J. Y. (2020). Effects of pterostigma structure on vibrational characteristics during flight of Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera Coccinellidae). Scientific Reports, 10, 11371. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68384-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Zhao, H., Yin, Y., & Zhong, Z. (2013). Arnold circulation and multi-optimal dynamic controlling mechanisms in dragonfly wings. Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, 26(3), 237–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0894-9166(13)60022-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Norberg, R. A. (1972). The pterostigma of insect wings an inertial regulator of wing pitch. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 81(1), 9–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Zhang, J. (2010). Introduction to aeronautics. National Defense Industry Press.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Arnold, J. W. (2012). Blood circulation in insect wings. The Canadian Entomologist, 96(1–2), 98. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent9698-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Pass, G., Tögel, M., Krenn, H., & Paululat, A. (2015). The circulatory organs of insect wings: Prime examples for the origin of evolutionary novelties. Zoologischer Anzeiger - A Journal of Comparative Zoology, 256, 82–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2015.03.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Chen, Y. H., Skote, M., Zhao, Y., & Huang, W. M. (2013). Stiffness evaluation of the leading edge of the dragonfly wing via laser vibrometer. Materials Letters, 97, 166–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2013.01.110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Wang, L., & Zhong, Z. (2014). Dynamics of the dragonfly wings raised by blood circulation. Acta Mechanica, 225(4–5), 1471–1485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-013-1037-5

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Hou, D., Yin, Y., Zhao, H., & Zhong, Z. (2015). Effects of blood in veins of dragonfly wing on the vibration characteristics. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 58(1), 14–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.12.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Hou, D., Yin, Y., Zhong, Z., & Zhao, H. (2015). A new torsion control mechanism induced by blood circulation in dragonfly wings. Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, 10(1), 016020. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3190/10/1/016020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Wang, Y., Yin, Y., Zheng, G., & Yao, H. (2020). Driving mechanism of dragonfly’s wing flapping pattern for liquid circulation inside wing. Animal Biology, 71(1), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10048

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Sun, J. Y., Pan, C. X., Tong, J., & Zhang, J. (2010). Coupled model analysis of the structure and nano-mechanical properties of dragonfly wings. IET Nanobiotechnology, 4(1), 10–18. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-nbt.2009.0009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ma, Y., Ren, H., Ning, J., & Zhang, P. (2017). Functional morphology and bending characteristics of the honeybee forewing. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 14(1), 111–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1672-6529(16)60382-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Stelzer, V., Krenkel, L., & Griškevičius, J. (2021). 2D numerical investigations derived from a 3D dragonfly wing captured with a high-resolution micro-CT. Technology and Health Care, 30(1), 283–289. https://doi.org/10.3233/thc-219010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Yue, X. (2017). Diagnostics. Chongqing University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Kim, W. K., Ko, J. H., Park, H. C., & Byun, D. (2009). Effects of corrugation of the dragonfly wing on gliding performance. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 260(4), 523–530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.07.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Zhang, S., Ochiai, M., Sunami, Y., & Hashimoto, H. (2019). Influence of microstructures on aerodynamic characteristics for dragonfly wing in gliding flight. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 16(3), 423–431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42235-019-0034-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhao, H., Yin, Y., & Zhong, Z. (2010). Micro and nano structures and morphologies on the wing veins of dragonflies. Chinese Science Bulletin, 55(19), 1993–1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-010-3253-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Lijun, X., Weidonng, S., Jing, W., Ruijie, Z., & Di, H. (2013). Numerical study on mechanical properties of the dragonflies’ wings. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 33(Z2), 175–177. http://journal.bit.edu.cn/zr/article/id/2013Z244

  23. Hou, D., Zhong, Z., Yin, Y., Pan, Y., & Zhao, H. (2017). The role of soft vein joints in dragonfly flight. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 14(4), 738–745. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1672-6529(16)60439-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Ren, H., Wang, X., Li, X., & Chen, Y. (2013). Effects of dragonfly wing structure on the dynamic performances. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 10(1), 28–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1672-6529(13)60196-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Zhao, Y., Wang, D., Tong, J., & Sun, J. (2016). Nanomechanical behaviour of the membranous wings of dragonfly Pantala flavescens Fabricius. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 13(3), 388–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1672-6529(16)60312-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Chen, J.-S., Chen, J.-Y., & Chou, Y.-F. (2008). On the natural frequencies and mode shapes of dragonfly wings. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 313(3–5), 643–654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2007.11.056

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Hou, D., & Zhong, Z. (2022). Comparative analysis of deformation behaviors of dragonfly wing under aerodynamic and inertial forces. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 145, 105421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105421

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Norberg, R. A. (1975). Hovering flight of the dragonfly Aeschna juncea L., kinematics and aerodynamics. Swimming and Flying in Nature, 2, 763–781.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Chintapalli, R. T. V., & Hillyer, J. F. (2016). Hemolymph circulation in insect flight appendages: Physiology of the wing heart and circulatory flow in the wings of the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Journal of Experimental Biology, 219(24), 3945–3951. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.148254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Krenn, H. W., & Pass, G. (1993). Wing-hearts in Mecoptera (insecta). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology, 22(1), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7322(93)90034-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Lehmacher, C., Tögel, M., Pass, G., & Paululat, A. (2009). The Drosophila wing hearts consist of syncytial muscle cells that resemble adult somatic muscles. Arthropod Structure & Development, 38(2), 111–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2008.09.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Lietz, C., Schaber, C. F., Gorb, S. N., & Rajabi, H. (2021). The damping and structural properties of dragonfly and damselfly wings during dynamic movement. Communications Biology, 4(1), 737. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02263-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The work is sponsored by the Shandong Natural Science Foundation of the People's Republic of China (No. ZR2022ME213, ZR2023ME081). We would like to thank all those who have reviewed and contributed to this paper for their valuable assistance.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, China

    Lijun Zhang, Xu Zhang, Kaifei Wang, Zhenwei Gan, Shibo Liu, Xiao Liu, Zhengjun Jing, Xudong Cui, Jiahui Lu & Jing Liu

Authors
  1. Lijun Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xu Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kaifei Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Zhenwei Gan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Shibo Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Xiao Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Zhengjun Jing
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Xudong Cui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Jiahui Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Jing Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

LZ: conceptualization, writing—review and editing, resources, supervision. XZ: conceptualization, writing—original draft, visualization. KW: investigation, data curation. ZG: software simulation. SL: software simulation. XL: validation. ZJ: validation. XC: investigation. JL: validation JL: validation.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lijun Zhang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing for financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, L., Zhang, X., Wang, K. et al. Effect of Blood Circulation in Veins on Resonance Suppression of the Dragonfly Wing Constructed by Numerical Method. J Bionic Eng 21, 877–891 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42235-023-00465-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42235-023-00465-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation