Abstract
Lagerstroemia indica is a summer ornamental flowering tree, belonging to the Lythraceae family. Its flower color is a key ornamental characteristic. Recent research indicates that WRKY and bZIP transcription factors play important role in flower color formation. Based on the transcriptome database of L. indica, this study identified 85 LibZIPs and 61 LiWRKYs from the L. indica transcriptome database and analyzed their expression profiles using qRT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis divided LibZIPs into 11 subfamilies and LiWRKYs into six subfamilies. Nine LibZIPs and four LiWRKYs were found to have higher expression in colored samples compared to the white sample. LibZIP31, LibZIP65, LibZIP34, LiWRKY16, LiWRKY25, LiWRKY40, and LiWRKY67 may play important roles in flower color formation in L. indica. These results provide valuable information for further functional analysis of the bZIP and WRKY genes families in L. indica and help clarify their roles in flower color formation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Data availability
The authors declare no competing financial interest. The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in NCBI. And the accession number can be found below: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA818829)
References
Alexandrova KS, Conger BV (2002) Isolation of two somatic embryogenesis-related genes from orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata). Plant Sci 162(2):301–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(01)00571-4
Amato A, Cavallini E, Zenoni S, Finezzo L, Begheldo M, Ruperti B, Tornielli B. G (2016) A grapevine TTG2-Like WRKY transcription factor is involved in regulating vacuolar transport and flavonoid biosynthesis. Front Plant Sci 7(1979). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01979
An JP, Qu FJ, Yao JF, Wang XN, You CX, Wang XF, Hao YJ (2017) The bZIP transcription factor MdHY5 regulates anthocyanin accumulation and nitrate assimilation in apple. Hortic Res 4:17023. https://doi.org/10.1038/hortres.2017.23
An JP, Yao JF, Xu RR, You CX, Wang XF, Hao YJ (2018) Apple bZIP transcription factor MdbZIP44 regulates abscisic acid-promoted anthocyanin accumulation. Plant Cell Environ 41(11):2678–2692. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13393
An JP, Zhang XW, You CX, Bi SQ, Wang XF, Hao YJ (2019) MdWRKY40 promotes wounding-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in association with MdMYB1 and undergoes MdBT2-mediated degradation. New Phytol 224(1):380–395. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16008
An JP, Zhang XW, Liu YJ, Wang XF, You CX, Hao YJ (2021) ABI5 regulates ABA-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis by modulating the MYB1-bHLH3 complex in apple. J Exp Bot 72(4):1460–1472. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa525
Brueggemann J, Weisshaar B, Sagasser M (2010) A WD40-repeat gene from Malus × Domestica is a functional homologue of Arabidopsis thaliana TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1. Plant Cell Rep 29(3):285–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-010-0821-0
Cabrera RI (2004) Evaluating and promoting the cosmopolitan and multipurpose lagertroemia, Belgium, International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS). https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.630.21
Dröge-Laser W, Snoek BL, Snel B, Weiste C (2018) The Arabidopsis bZIP transcription factor family-an update. Curr Opin Plant Biology 45(Pt A) 36–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2018.05.001
Duan S, Wang J, Gao C, Jin C, Li D, Peng D, Du G, Li Y, Chen M (2018) Functional characterization of a heterologously expressed Brassica napus WRKY41-1 transcription factor in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Sci 268:47–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.12.010
Eulgem T, Rushton PJ, Robatzek S, Somssich IE (2000) The WRKY superfamily of plant transcription factors. Trends Plant Sci 5(5):199–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1360-1385(00)01600-9
Fan L, Xu L, Wang Y, Tang M, Liu L (2019) Genome- and transcriptome-wide characterization of bZIP Gene Family identifies potential members involved in Abiotic Stress Response and anthocyanin biosynthesis in Radish (Raphanus sativus L). Int J Mol Sci 20(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246334
He Z, Feng X, Chen Q, Li L, Li S, Han K, Guo Z, Wang J, Liu M, Shi C, Xu S, Shao S, Liu X, Mao X, Xie W, Wang X, Zhang R, Li G, Wu W, Zheng Z, Zhong C, Duke NC, Boufford DE, Fan G, Wu C-I, Ricklefs RE, Shi S (2022) Evolution of coastal forests based on a full set of mangrove genomes. Nat Ecol Evol 6(6):738–749. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01744-9
Hong S, Wang J, Wang Q, Zhang G, Zhao Y, Ma Q, Wu Z, Ma J, Gu C (2022) Decoding the formation of diverse petal colors of Lagerstroemia indica by integrating the data from transcriptome and metabolome. Front Plant Sci 13:970023. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.970023
Huang S, Gao Y, Liu J, Peng X, Niu X, Fei Z, Cao S, Liu Y (2012) Genome-wide analysis of WRKY transcription factors in Solanum lycopersicum. Mol Genet Genomics 287(6):495–513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-012-0696-6
Li C, Wu J, Hu K-D, Wei S-W, Sun H-Y, Hu L-Y, Han Z, Yao G-F, Zhang H (2020) PyWRKY26 and PybHLH3 cotargeted the PyMYB114 promoter to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport in red-skinned pears. Hortic Res 7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-0254-z
Liang C, Meng Z, Meng Z, Malik W, Yan R, Lwin KM, Lin F, Wang Y, Sun G, Zhou T, Zhu T, Li J, Jin S, Guo S, Zhang R (2016) GhABF2, a bZIP transcription factor, confers drought and salinity tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L). Sci Rep 6:35040. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep35040
Liu W, Wang Y, Yu L, Jiang H, Guo Z, Xu H, Jiang S, Fang H, Zhang J, Su M, Zhang Z, Chen X, Chen X, Wang N (2019) MdWRKY11 participates in anthocyanin accumulation in red-fleshed apples by affecting MYB transcription factors and the photoresponse factor MdHY5. J Agric Food Chem 67(32):8783–8793. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02920
Luo X, Li H, Wu Z, Yao W, Zhao P, Cao D, Yu H, Li K, Poudel K, Zhao D, Zhang F, Xia X, Chen L, Wang Q, Jing D, Cao S (2020) The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) draft genome dissects genetic divergence between soft- and hard-seeded cultivars. Plant Biotechnol J 18(4):955–968. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.13260
Mangelsen E, Kilian J, Berendzen KW, Kolukisaoglu ÜH, Harter K, Jansson C, Wanke D (2008) Phylogenetic and comparative gene expression analysis of barley (Hordeum vulgare) WRKY transcription factor family reveals putatively retained functions between monocots and dicots. BMC Genomics 9(1):194. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-9-194
Nesi N, Debeaujon I, Jond C, Pelletier G, Caboche M, Lepiniec L (2000) The TT8 gene encodes a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix domain protein required for expression of DFR and BAN genes in Arabidopsis Siliques. Plant Cell 12(10):1863–1878. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.12.10.1863
Nguyen NH, Jeong CY, Kang GH, Yoo SD, Hong SW, Lee H (2015) MYBD employed by HY5 increases anthocyanin accumulation via repression of MYBL2 in Arabidopsis. Plant J 84(6):1192–1205. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13077
Nijhawan A, Jain M, Tyagi AK, Khurana JP (2008) Genomic survey and gene expression analysis of the basic leucine zipper transcription factor family in rice. Plant Physiol 146(2):333–350. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.107.112821
Payyavula RS, Singh RK, Navarre DA (2013) Transcription factors, sucrose, and sucrose metabolic genes interact to regulate potato phenylpropanoid metabolism. J Exp Bot 64(16):5115–5131. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ert303
Pounders C, Rinehart T, Edwards N, Knight P (2007) An analysis of combining ability for height, leaf out, bloom date, and flower color for crapemyrtle. HortScience 42. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.42.6.1496
Shin DH, Choi M, Kim K, Bang G, Cho M, Choi S-B, Choi G, Park Y-I (2013) HY5 regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis by inducing the transcriptional activation of the MYB75/PAP1 transcription factor in Arabidopsis. FEBS Lett 587(10):1543–1547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2013.03.037
Teng S, Keurentjes J, Bentsink Ln, Koornneef M, Smeekens S (2005) Sucrose-specific induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis requires the MYB75/PAP1 gene. Plant Physiol 139(4):1840–1852. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.105.066688
Wang Z, Yan L, Wan L, Huai D, Kang Y, Shi L, Jiang H, Lei Y, Liao B (2019) Genome-wide systematic characterization of bZIP transcription factors and their expression profiles during seed development and in response to salt stress in peanut. BMC Genomics 20(1):51. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-019-5434-6
Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Yang J, He Y, Li G, Ma W, Huang X, Su J (2020) Transcription factor PyHY5 binds to the promoters of PyWD40 and PyMYB10 and regulates its expression in red pear ‘Yunhongli No. 1’. Plant Physiol Biochem 154:665–674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.07.008
Wu GQ, Li ZQ, Cao H, Wang JL (2019) Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the WRKY genes in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under alkaline stress. PeerJ 7:e7817. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7817
Xie T, Chen C, Li C, Liu J, Liu C, He Y (2018) Genome-wide investigation of WRKY gene family in pineapple: evolution and expression profiles during development and stress. BMC Genomics 19(1):490. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-4880-x
Yamasaki K, Kigawa T, Inoue M, Watanabe S, Tateno M, Seki M, Shinozaki K, Yokoyama S (2008) Structures and evolutionary origins of plant-specific transcription factor DNA-binding domains. Plant Physiol Biochem 46(3):394–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.12.015
Yu C, Lian B, Fang W, Guo A, Ke Y, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Liu G, Zhong F, Zhang J (2021) Transcriptome-based analysis reveals that the biosynthesis of anthocyanins is more active than that of flavonols and proanthocyanins in the colorful flowers of Lagerstroemia indica. Biol Futura 72(4):473–488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42977-021-00094-0
Zhang Y, Zheng S, Liu Z, Wang L, Bi Y (2011) Both HY5 and HYH are necessary regulators for low temperature-induced anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis seedlings. J Plant Physiol 168(4):367–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2010.07.025
Zhang B, Liu J, Yang ZE, Chen EY, Zhang CJ, Zhang XY, Li FG (2018) Genome-wide analysis of GRAS transcription factor gene family in Gossypium hirsutum L. BMC Genomics 19(1):348. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-4722-x
Zhao Y, Min T, Chen M, Wang H, Zhu C, Jin R, Allan AC, Lin-Wang K, Xu C (2021) The photomorphogenic transcription factor PpHY5 regulates anthocyanin accumulation in response to UVA and UVB irradiation. Front Plant Sci 11:603178–603178. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.603178
Zhou Y, Xu D, Jia L, Huang X, Ma G, Wang S, Zhu M, Zhang A, Guan M, Lu K, Xu X, Wang R, Li J, Qu C (2017) Genome-wide identification and structural analysis of bZIP transcription factor genes in Brassica napus. Genes 8(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/genes8100288
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by Grants fromthe Zhejiang Provincial of China Agricultural New Varieties Breeding Major Science and Technology Projects (Grant No. 2021C02071-4) and the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. LY21C160001).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Cuihua Gu: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Validation, Writing– original draft, Visualization, Funding acquisition. Sidan Hong: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Validation, Writing– original draft, Visualization. Jie Wang: Conceptualization, Methodology, Data validation Writing - original draft, Visualization. Linxue Shang: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing - original draft, Visualization. Yu Zhao: Methodology, Validation. Qingqing Ma: Methodology, Investigation. Guozhe Zhang: Conceptualization, Methodology. Dandan Ma: Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Supervision.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interest
All authors declare that no known competing financial interests or personal relationships appeared that would influence the work reported in this paper.
Supplementary information
Table S1 Primer sequence for qRT-PCR.
Table S2 Physicochemical properties and secondary structure of LibZIP proteins in L. indica.
Table S3 Physicochemical properties and secondary structure of LiWRKY proteins in L. indica.
Fig S1 Alignment of multiple LibZIP domain amino acid sequences. Alignment was performed using the DNAMAN software. The black lines indicated the basic region and leucine zipper motifs.
Fig S2 Alignment of multiple LibZIP domain amino acid sequences. Alignment was performed using the DNAMAN software. The black lines indicated the basic region and leucine zipper motifs.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic Supplementary Material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gu, C., Hong, S., Wang, J. et al. Identification and expression analysis of the bZIP and WRKY gene families during anthocyanins biosynthesis in Lagerstroemia indica L. Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol. 65, 169–180 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-023-00551-w
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-023-00551-w