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Out of the woods: social capital and smallholder dairy farmers' access to state-owned agroforestry lands in West Java, Indonesia

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Abstract

Most of the community-based forest management (CBFM/PHBM) literature has confirmed the role of social capital (SC) in helping forest-dependent communities access the state-forest areas, which includes its agroforestry lands. Nevertheless, the dynamics of SC to enable the smallholder dairy farmer (SDF) communities to access the agroforestry lands, including gaining, controlling, and maintaining the access, do not receive much attention. This research aims to examine the contribution of SC in promoting SDF communities in Indonesia to access agroforestry lands. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 40 dairy farmers and 25 key informants, focus group discussions, field observations, and document analysis by using qualitative case studies of four SDF communities in West Java province. The findings reveal that SC plays considerable roles in enabling various mechanisms or collective actions, by which the smallholders acquire affordable and long-term access, as well as increasing the communities’ awareness of sustainable forest management. First, SC establishes various affordable options to access agroforestry lands, which include informal access through land-to-labor exchanges between authorities and communities, right-to-use transfer systems, hereditary access schemes, and information sharing among farmers. Furthermore, SC provides low-cost mechanisms for controlling and maintaining access via fenceless agroforestry patch border control and peer-to-peer land supervision. Second, SC contributes to creating mechanisms that lead to long-term access via institution-based systems in maintaining agroforestry land boundaries and function, including the village–forest border system, the land sharing and land sparing use system, the creation of renewable land tenure, and the gradual sanction system. Lastly, the knowledge shared by the forest authority and common knowledge fostered by communities reinforced the communities’ awareness of sustainable forest management.

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Fig. 1

(Source: https://appgis.blogspot.com)—Note: The purple-shaded areas specify the conservation forests. The light-green-shaded areas depict the protection forests, and the light-yellow-shaded areas indicate the limited production forests

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Fig. 3

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Acknowledgements

The author wishes to thank Professor Hugh Campbell and Professor Etienne Nel for their valuable contribution in accomplishing the research and preparing the manuscript. The authors gratitude is also extended to Pehutani, KPBS-Pangalengan, and KPSBU-Lembang representatives, as well as to farmers who provided support and participation during my fieldwork.

Funding

This work was funded by Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan (LPDP/Dana Pendidikan) (LPDP/Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education) and The University of Otago.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Regional Development Planning, Research and Development Agency of Bandung Regency, Bandung, Indonesia

    Rudi Kresna

  2. Research and Development Agency of West Java Province (BP2D), Bandung, Indonesia

    Aji Winara, Dewi Gartika, Agus Ruswandi, Yudha Hadian Nur, Muthya Diana & Hana Riana Permatasari

  3. Research Center for Population, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, Indonesia

    Ary Widiyanto,  Sanudin, Tri Sulistyati Widyaningsih & Eva Fauziyah

  4. Research Center for Macro Economics and Finance, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, Indonesia

    Budiman Achmad

  5. Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia

    Mohamad Siarudin

  6. Research Center for Social Welfare, Village and Connectivity, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, Indonesia

    Dian Diniyati

  7. Research Center for Society and Culture, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, Indonesia

    Marcellinus Mandira Budi Utomo & Levina Augusta Geraldine Pieter

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Kresna, R., Winara, A., Widiyanto, A. et al. Out of the woods: social capital and smallholder dairy farmers' access to state-owned agroforestry lands in West Java, Indonesia. Agroforest Syst 98, 637–652 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-023-00934-z

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