Abstract
The leafy vegetable production is challenged by the excessive water and fertilizer input, as well as the continuous cropping obstacle caused by the soil environment change. The different combinations of irrigation methods, bedding types and film mulch would change the irrigation input and the soil environment, but the influence of these different combinations on yield and its relation to the soil microbial communities were not fully researched. Therefore, a 4-year experiment was designed. There were five treatments: flat-bed with flood irrigation (FF), flat-bed with drip irrigation (FD), flat-bed with drip irrigation under film mulch (FDM), raised-bed with drip irrigation (RD) and raised-bed with drip irrigation under film mulch (RDM). As a result, FDM had the highest celery yield and moderate crop quality when comparing the three seasons’ average. It produced relatively lower yield in 2016, and the highest yield in both 2017 and 2019, which were, respectively, 13.64% and 10.69% higher than the FF did. The FDM also led to the highest soil nitrate and second-highest ammonium nitrogen concentration by the end of the whole experiment, which was 25.62% and 49.63% higher than FF did. After 4-year cultivation, the key microbes promoted by FDM related to nitrogen-fixing included norank_f_Rhodospirillaceae, norank_c_Nitrospira and Nitrosomonadaceae. Meanwhile, the quantity of Caldilineaceae, Hydrogenispora and Halocella was reduced in the soil of FDM, potentially helping maintain the soil organic carbon pool. Besides, FDM suppressed several potential pathogenic communities, including bacteria family BIrii41 and fungi genera Aspergillus and Gibellulopsis. The water flow pattern in flat-bed and film plastic residue could cause the change of soil nitrogen cycling pattern and microbial community. In a word, FDM benefitted the crop yield mainly by improving crop available nitrogen, and it potentially reduced the soil carbon loss and crop disease pathogens.
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Data availability
The experiment data is available under specific requirement to the corresponding author.
Abbreviations
- AK:
-
Available potassium
- AP:
-
Available phosphorus
- ECa:
-
Exchangeable calcium
- EMg:
-
Exchangeable magnesium
- FD:
-
Flat-bed with drip irrigation
- FDM:
-
Flat-bed with drip irrigation under film mulch
- FF:
-
Flat-bed with flood irrigation
- LDA:
-
Linear discriminant analysis
- LEfSe:
-
Linear discriminant analysis effect size
- NO3-N:
-
Nitrate nitrogen
- NH4-N:
-
Ammonia nitrogen
- OM:
-
Organic matter
- OTU:
-
Operational taxonomic units
- RD:
-
Raside bed with drip irrigation
- RDM:
-
Raised-bed with drip irrigation under film mulch
- TN:
-
Total nitrogen
- TP:
-
Total phosphorus
- TK:
-
Total potassium
- TCa:
-
Total calcium
- TMg:
-
Total magnesium
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Beijing Innovation Team of the Modern Agricultural Research System (BAIC08-2023-YJ01); Research and Summarized Demonstration of Minimally Equipped and High-Efficiency Vegetable Production in Advanced Greenhouses, Beijing, China (KJCX20210402); the Youth Fund Project from Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China (QNJJ202134).
Funding
Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, QNJJ202134, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, KJCX20210402, KJCX20210402, KJCX20210402, Beijing Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, BAIC08-2023-YJ01, BAIC08-2023-YJ01.
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XX—data analysis and writing. YL: data collection and analysis. LD—funding acquisition and experiment design. CL—crop management and data collection. HZ—sampling and data collection. BJ—sampling and data collection. GZ—funding acquisition and conceptualization. YS: conceptualization and supervision.
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Xu, X., Li, Y., Du, L. et al. Drip irrigation under film mulch used on flat-bed increased vegetable yield by altering soil microbe community structure and soil nitrogen. Irrig Sci (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-023-00910-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-023-00910-6