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Integrative characterization and phylogenetic relationships of Xiphinema rivesi and X. pachtaicum (Nematoda, Longidoridae) associated to vineyards in North Italy

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Abstract

The occurrence of Xiphinema species in the rhizosphere of vineyards showing general decline phenotype in North Italy was investigated. Most of the collected soil samples contained two Xiphinema species belonging to X. americanum-group, along with X. index. Using the integrative taxonomy approach, combining morphological, molecular and multivariate morphological analyses, the two populations of the X. americanum-group were identified as X. rivesi and X. pachtaicum. Furthermore, one male specimen of X. rivesi was recovered and the presence of three juvenile developmental stages was confirmed based on the scatter diagram. D2-D3 expansion domains of LSU, ITS region and partial COI were used to determine the phylogenetic relationships of the two Xiphinema species from North Italy with other species belonging to X. americanum-group. Five other Xiphinema populations from different geographical areas were included in this study and only molecularly identified as X. rivesi, X. pachtaicum and X. incertum by sequencing the ITS and D2-D3 expansion domains of LSU rDNA.

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All newly generated sequences in this paper are freely available through GenBank database.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported with funds provided by Lombardy Region (Bando 2018 per Progetti di ricerca in campo agricolo e forestale – d.d.s. n. 4403 del 28/03/2018) for the project NEMAGEST.

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  1. Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), U.O.S. di Bari, Via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126, Bari, Italy

    Alberto Troccoli, Alessio Vovlas, Elena Fanelli, Trifone D’Addabbo & Francesca De Luca

  2. Servizio Tecnico di Condifesa Lombardia Nord Est, Via Malta 12, Brescia, Italy

    Valentina Papeschi & Stefano Toninelli

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  1. Alberto Troccoli
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Contributions

VP and ST were involved in sampling of vineyards; AT and AV contributed to morphological and morphometrics analyses, prepared tables and figures; EF contributed to molecular analyses and performed data analysis; FDL contributed to the study conception and design, writing original draft, review and editing. FDL and VP contributed to fund acquisition. The first draft of the manuscript was commented by all authors and then they approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Francesca De Luca.

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Troccoli, A., Vovlas, A., Fanelli, E. et al. Integrative characterization and phylogenetic relationships of Xiphinema rivesi and X. pachtaicum (Nematoda, Longidoridae) associated to vineyards in North Italy. Eur J Plant Pathol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-024-02815-2

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