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Pollution characteristics, potential source areas, and transport pathways of PM2.5 and O3 in an inland city of Shijiazhuang, China

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Abstract

Regional transmission plays a crucial role in the PM2.5 and O3 pollution of Shijiazhuang, a hot inland city in the North China Plain. To analyze the pollution pathways and potential source distribution, airflow backward trajectory cluster analysis, potential source contribution function (PSCF) method, and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis were used adopting monitoring data from 2015 to 2021. The results showed that in 2016, the compound pollution days of PM2.5 and O3 were the most (24 days), accounting for 36.4% of the total. According to air mass backward trajectory analysis, the highest concentration of O3 in Shijiazhuang during summer (136.3 μg/m3) was due to the influence of short-distance transmission, specifically Cluster 3 from the southeast direction accounting for the most significant proportion (32.79%). In winter, PM2.5 pollution primarily originated from long-distance transmission, with Cluster 3 in Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Shanxi Province recording PM2.5 concentrations as high as 179.9 μg/m3. The source area for PM2.5 pollution in Shijiazhuang significantly expanded during winter, with the increasing high-value area of weighted PSCF (WPSCF) and weighted (WCWT). During summer, the distribution area of O3 pollution sources and WPSCF value increased significantly. Almost the entire Henan region was covered by a high-value WCWT area (up to 95 μg/m3). O3 pollution was primarily emitted locally but transported over short distances. These findings underscore the necessity of implementing regional joint prevention and control measures to mitigate PM2.5 and O3 pollution.

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Data availability

“Ambient air quality data (PM2.5 and O3) can be downloaded from the national urban air quality real-time release platform of China National Environmental Monitoring Station (http://106.37.208.233:20035). The meteorological data can be found at ftp://arlftp.arlhq.noaa.gov/pub/archives/gdas1/. For further requests, please refer to the corresponding authors.”

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Funding

The work is funded by Central Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Fund Projects (236Z4203G), Tangshan Municipal Science and Technology Plan-Key Research and Development Plan project (22150231J), the Opening Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3) (FDLAP20005), Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department (ZD2020135), and College Students’ Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project (202210077004, 202110077010).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China

    Aifang Gao, Boyi Gao, Shaorong Li, Wenjie Yao, Wanting Sun & Yuehua Liu

  2. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Shanghai, 200438, China

    Aifang Gao

  3. Hebei Center for Ecological and Environmental Geology Research, Hebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China

    Aifang Gao

  4. Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Intelligent Development and Control of Underground Built Environment, School of Exploration Technology and Engineering, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China

    Xiuling Cao

  5. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China

    Hongliang Zhang

  6. Tangshan Ecological Environment Publicity and Education Center, Tangshan, 063000, China

    Baojun Zhang

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  1. Aifang Gao
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  2. Boyi Gao
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  9. Baojun Zhang
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Contributions

AG: methodology, formal analysis, supervision, writing—reviewing and editing, investigation. BG: methodology, data curation, formal analysis, validation, investigation. SL: writing—original draft, formal analysis, validation. WY: data collation and analysis. WS: formal analysis. XC: writing—reviewing and editing. YL: writing—reviewing. HZ: conceptualization, project administration, writing—reviewing and editing. BZ: writing—reviewing and editing.

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Correspondence to Hongliang Zhang.

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Gao, A., Gao, B., Li, S. et al. Pollution characteristics, potential source areas, and transport pathways of PM2.5 and O3 in an inland city of Shijiazhuang, China. Air Qual Atmos Health (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-024-01508-3

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