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Temperature-dependence structural, morphological and magnetic properties of cobalt-cadmium ferrite nanoparticles: supported by theoretical study

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Nanoparticles of Co0.5Cd0.5Fe2O4 have been fabricated using a typical sol–gel combustion technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emotion-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer measurements were used to study the structure, morphology and magnetic characteristics of ferrite nanoparticles at varied calcination temperatures. The electrical characteristics of the structure are calculated from the first principles using the GGA approach in density functional theory. The X-ray analysis of calcined samples revealed the formation of the spinel fcc crystalline phase was unaffected by the increment in calcination temperature. Due to the presence of cubic cadmium oxide (CdO), several low-diffraction peaks with the symbol * are present. As calcination temperature rises, the average crystal size increases from 20.34 to 21.94 nm. The FE-SEM images indicated a porosity structure and agglomerations caused by the interaction of uniform magnetic nanoparticles. The compositional analysis of the Co0.5Cd0.5Fe2O4 sample reveals the existence of desired constituents and the elimination of all undesirable precursors. Raman spectroscopy proved spinel ferrite nanoparticles include tetrahedral (A) sites and octahedral (B) sites. The magnetic hysteresis curves demonstrate the ferromagnetic nature, and it was observed that calcination temperatures significantly impacted the magnetic characteristics. As calcination temperature increased, saturation and remanence magnetization decreased, and inter-sub-lattice (A–B) super-exchange interactions were slightly more pronounced in smaller particles than in larger ones. Coercivity increases as calcination temperature rises. This can be attributed to the increase in particle size within the singular domain region. In addition, theoretical results (band structures) indicate that cobalt-cadmium ferrite possesses half-metallic properties.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kalar, 46021, Iraq

    Ali M Mohammad, Hossein Mehranfar, Kamaran S Rasol & Mahmood M Kareem

  2. Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Halabja, Halabja, 46018, Iraq

    Yousif H Azeez

  3. Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kalar, 46021, Iraq

    Mohammed M Mohammed

Authors
  1. Ali M Mohammad
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  2. Hossein Mehranfar
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  3. Kamaran S Rasol
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  4. Mahmood M Kareem
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  5. Yousif H Azeez
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Correspondence to Ali M Mohammad.

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Mohammad, A.M., Mehranfar, H., Rasol, K.S. et al. Temperature-dependence structural, morphological and magnetic properties of cobalt-cadmium ferrite nanoparticles: supported by theoretical study. Bull Mater Sci 47, 24 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-023-03107-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-023-03107-x

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