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Comparing neuropsychological, typical, and ADNI criteria for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment in Vietnam-era veterans

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 January 2024

Monica T. Ly Open the ORCID record for Monica T. Ly [Opens in a new window] ,
Jennifer Adler ,
Adan F. Ton Loy Open the ORCID record for Adan F. Ton Loy [Opens in a new window] ,
Emily C. Edmonds ,
Mark W. Bondi ,
Lisa Delano-Wood  and
for the Department of Defense Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Monica T. Ly*
Affiliation:
Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
Jennifer Adler
Affiliation:
Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
Adan F. Ton Loy
Affiliation:
Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
Emily C. Edmonds
Affiliation:
Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA Departments of Neurology and Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Mark W. Bondi
Affiliation:
Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
Lisa Delano-Wood
Affiliation:
Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA Center for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
*
Corresponding author: M. Ly; Email: monicaly@gmail.com
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Abstract

Objective:

Neuropsychological criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) more accurately predict progression to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and are more strongly associated with AD biomarkers and neuroimaging profiles than ADNI criteria. However, research to date has been conducted in relatively healthy samples with few comorbidities. Given that history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are risk factors for AD and common in Veterans, we compared neuropsychological, typical (Petersen/Winblad), and ADNI criteria for MCI in Vietnam-era Veterans with histories of TBI or PTSD.

Method:

267 Veterans (mean age = 69.8) from the DOD-ADNI study were evaluated for MCI using neuropsychological, typical, and ADNI criteria. Linear regressions adjusting for age and education assessed associations between MCI status and AD biomarker levels (cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] p-tau181, t-tau, and Aβ42) by diagnostic criteria. Logistic regressions adjusting for age and education assessed the effects of TBI severity and PTSD symptom severity simultaneously on MCI classification by each criteria.

Results:

Agreement between criteria was poor. Neuropsychological criteria identified more Veterans with MCI than typical or ADNI criteria, and were associated with higher CSF p-tau181 and t-tau. Typical and ADNI criteria were not associated with CSF biomarkers. PTSD symptom severity predicted MCI diagnosis by neuropsychological and ADNI criteria. History of moderate/severe TBI predicted MCI by typical and ADNI criteria.

Conclusions:

MCI diagnosis using sensitive neuropsychological criteria is more strongly associated with AD biomarkers than conventional diagnostic methods. MCI diagnostics in Veterans would benefit from incorporation of comprehensive neuropsychological methods and consideration of the impact of PTSD.

Keywords

Alzheimer diseaseneuroimagingbiomarkertraumatic brain injuriesveterans
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , First View , pp. 1 - 9
Creative Commons
This is a work of the US Government and is not subject to copyright protection within the United States. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Neuropsychological Society.
Copyright
© U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 2024.

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