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Timing is everything: how planting period shapes nutritional quality, mycobiota characteristics, and mycotoxin contamination in maize (Zea mays) grains

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Abstract

Maize (Zea mays L.) is crucial in global grain markets and food/feed production. Fungal contamination in ears can adversely affect crop yield and diminish the nutritional value of grains. Moreover, many of the main pathogens affecting maize are producers of mycotoxins, which pose a risk to food safety. The area under late-planted maize in Argentina has increased, as more stable yields despite lower potential are expected in comparison to the early planting period. However, late-planted maize is prone to fungal infections and insect damage as well as mycotoxin contamination. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of maize planting periods (early vs. late) on grain nutritional quality, grain mycobiota, mycotoxin levels, and their interrelationships. Two experiments were conducted at Buenos Aires (Argentina) using thirteen genetically stable maize hybrids. Early planting occurred on October 5 (2020) whereas late planting was performed on December 12 (2020). Grain yield, number of grains per square meter, and thousand grain weight were measured at harvest and representative samples of grains were used for the laboratory analyses. The results demonstrated that early-planted maize exhibited high grain nutritional quality and low levels of toxigenic fungal mycobiota. In contrast, late-planted maize displayed low nutritional quality, increased presence of toxigenic mycobiota, and high contamination with elevated levels of fumonisins (a major mycotoxin). This study highlights the impact of planting period on grain yield, grain quality, and mycotoxin contamination, and it emphasizes the need for more research and regulatory considerations in this field.

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The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from Universidad del Salvador (80020210100015US). We extend our sincere appreciation to Dr. Gustavo Striker and Dra. Inés Dinolfo for their valuable contributions to this scientific publication. Their expertise and guidance have significantly enhanced the quality of our research. The authors also acknowledge the financial support provided by Fundación de Investigaciones Científicas Teresa Benedicta de la Cruz.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Fitopatología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    M. C. Pérez-Pizá

  2. Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología (BIOLAB), Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    M. C. Pérez-Pizá & S. A. Stenglein

  3. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad Del Salvador, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    M. C. Pérez-Pizá, F. Mousegne & A. Pacin

  4. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de La Provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    S. Vicente

  5. Fundación de Investigaciones Científicas Teresa Benedicta de La Cruz, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    S. Vicente & A. Pacin

  6. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    C. C. Castellari

  7. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Agencia de Extensión Rural San Antonio de Areco, San Antonio de Areco, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    F. Mousegne & F. Jecke

  8. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas (IADIZA), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mendoza, Argentina

    P. Cornejo

  9. Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Université Paris Diderot, Gif Sur Yvette, France

    V. N. Ibañez

  10. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Capital Federal, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    M. J. Sansinena

  11. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Católica Argentina, Capital Federal, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    M. E. Vago

  12. Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Centro de La Provincia de Buenos Aires, Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    S. A. Stenglein

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Pérez-Pizá, M.C., Vicente, S., Castellari, C.C. et al. Timing is everything: how planting period shapes nutritional quality, mycobiota characteristics, and mycotoxin contamination in maize (Zea mays) grains. Eur J Plant Pathol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-024-02820-5

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