Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evaluation of the antinociceptive effect and standardization of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco extract

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Molecular & Cellular Toxicology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco (PO) has been used in Oriental medicine to treat rheumatism and diarrhea; however, its antinociceptive effects remain unclear.

Objective

This study aimed to reveal the antinociceptive effect of the PO extract and standardize this extract in RAW 264.7 cells and mice with monosodium uric acid (MSU)-induced pain.

Results

PO extracts were prepared using different ethanol (EtOH) concentrations (0–100%). Thereafter, groups were determined based on the results of the MSU-induced pain model in mice and nitric oxide (NO) assay using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. As the methylene chloride (CH2Cl2) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) layers exhibited increasing effects with time, these layers were selected to isolate the major components. The PO extract was standardized using a highly efficient HPLC method, and its antinociceptive effects in a mouse model of MSU-induced gout pain were determined using the von Frey test. The PO extract was found to exhibit antinociceptive effects. Moreover, sample standardization was successfully achieved based on the validation of these compounds.

Conclusion

The PO extract exhibited potent dose- and time-dependent antinociceptive effects in an animal model of gout pain; these effects might be mediated by the major compounds of this extract. Collectively, these results suggest that PO can be used as a herbal drug to treat gout-related pain.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability statement

Not applicable.

References

  • Bezerra AN, Massing LT, de Oliveira RB, Mourao RH (2017) Standardization and anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Psittacanthus plagiophyllus Eichl. (Loranthaceae). J Ethnopharmacol 202:234–240

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bonin RP, Bories C,De Koninck Y (2014) A simplified up-down method (SUDO) for measuring mechanical nociception in rodents using von Frey filaments. Mol. Pain 10:1744-8069-1710-1726.

  • Chaplan SR, Bach F, Pogrel J, Chung J, Yaksh T (1994) Quantitative assessment of tactile allodynia in the rat paw. J Neurosci Methods 53:55–63

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen L, Ding L, Yu A, Yang R, Wang X, Li J, Jin H, Zhang H (2007) Continuous determination of total flavonoids in Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco by dynamic microwave-assisted extraction coupled with on-line derivatization and ultraviolet-visible detection. Anal Chim Acta 596:164–170

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cury Y, Picolo G, Gutierrez VP, Ferreira SH (2011) Pain and analgesia: The dual effect of nitric oxide in the nociceptive system. Nitric Oxide 25:243–254

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fan SY, Zeng HW, Pei YH, Li L, Ye J, Pan YX, Zhang JG, Yuan X, Zhang WD (2012) The anti-inflammatory activities of an extract and compounds isolated from Platycladus orientalis (Linnaeus) Franco in vitro and ex vivo. J Ethnopharmacol 141:647–652

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feng JH, Lee HJ, Kim SB, Jung JS, Lim SS, Suh HW (2019) Antinociceptive effect of single components isolated from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. extract. Sci Pharm 87:18

  • Fischer SPM, Brusco I, Camponogara C, Piana M, Faccin H, Gobo LA, Carvalho LM, Oliveira SM (2018) Arctium minus crude extract presents antinociceptive effect in a mice acute gout attack model. Inflammopharmacology 26:505–519

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fongang ALM, Laure Nguemfo E, Djouatsa Nangue Y, Bogning Zangueu C, Fouokeng Y, Azebaze AGB, Llorent-Martinez EJ, Cordova MLF, Dongmo AB, Vierling W (2017) Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the methanolic stem bark extract of Antrocaryon klaineanum Pierre (Anacardiaceae) in mice and rat. J Ethnopharmacol 203:11–19

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gadotti VM, Santos ARS, Meyre-Silva C, Schmeling LO, Machado C, Liz FH, Filho VC (2005) Antinociceptive action of the extract and the flavonoid quercitrin isolated from Bauhinia microstachya leaves. J Pharm Pharmacol 57:1345–1351

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gorzalczany S, Marrassini C, Mino J, Acevedo C, Ferraro G (2011) Antinociceptive activity of ethanolic extract and isolated compounds of Urtica circularis. J Ethnopharmacol 134:733–738

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Han J, Zhang X, Xia L, Liao O, Li Q (2023) S-ketamine promotes autophagy and alleviates neuropathic pain by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Mol Cell Toxicol 19:81–88

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hasan MS, Ahmed MI, Mondal S, Uddin SJ, Masud MM, Sadhu SK, Ishibashi M (2006) Antioxidant, antinociceptive activity and general toxicity study of Dendrophthoe falcata and isolation of quercitrin as the major component. Orient Pharm Exp Med 6:355–360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Higgs J, Wasowski C, Loscalzo LM, Marder M (2013) In vitro binding affinities of a series of flavonoids for mu-opioid receptors. Antinociceptive effect of the synthetic flavonoid 3,3-dibromoflavanone in mice. Neuropharmacology 72:9–19

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hwang SH, Kim SB, Jang SP, Wang Z, Suh HW, Lim SS (2018) Anti-nociceptive effect and standardization from mixture of agrimonia pilosa ledeb and salvia miltiorrhiza bunge extracts. J Med Food 21:596–604

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ibrahim MM, Patwardhan A, Gilbraith KB, Moutal A, Yang X, Chew LA, Largent-Milnes T, Malan TP, Vanderah TW, Porreca F, Khanna R (2017) Long-lasting antinociceptive effects of green light in acute and chronic pain in rats. Pain 158:347–360

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ishola IO, Chaturvedi JP, Rai S, Rajasekar N, Adeyemi OO, Shukla R, Narender T (2013) Evaluation of amentoflavone isolated from Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) on production of inflammatory mediators in LPS stimulated rat astrocytoma cell line (C6) and THP-1 cells. J Ethnopharmacol 146:440–448

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim HK, Son KH, Chang HW, Kang SS, Kim HP (1998) Amentoflavone, a plant biflavone: a new potential anti-inflammatory agent. Arch Pharm Res 21:406–410

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kiyani MM, Butt MA, Rehman H, Ali H, Hussain SA, Obaid S, Hussain MA, Mahmood T, Bokhari SAI (2019) Antioxidant and anti-gout effects of orally administered zinc oxide nanoparticles in gouty mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 56:169–177

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kodithuwakku ND, Pan M, Zhu YL, Zhang YY, Feng YD, Fang WR, Li YM (2013) Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of Chinese medicine SQ gout capsules and its modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines focusing on gout arthritis. J Ethnopharmacol 150:1071–1079

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lu YH, Liu ZY, Wang ZT, Wei DZ (2006) Quality evaluation of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco through simultaneous determination of four bioactive flavonoids by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 41:1186–1190

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Regalado AI, Mancebo B, Paixao A, Lopez Y, Merino N, Sanchez LM (2017) Antinociceptive Activity of Methanol Extract of Tabebuia hypoleuca (C. Wright ex Sauvalle) Urb. Stems Med Princ Pract 26:368–374

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ren J, Liao L, Shang S, Zheng Y, Sha W, Yuan E (2019) Purification, Characterization, and Bioactivities of Polyphenols from Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco. J Food Sci 84:667–677

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ren J, Zheng Y, Lin Z, Han X, Liao W (2017) Macroporous resin purification and characterization of flavonoids from Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco and their effects on macrophage inflammatory response. Food Funct 8:86–95

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sahil K, Sudeep B, Akanksha M (2011) Standardization of medicinal plant materials. IJRAP 2:1100-1109

  • Saldanha AA, Siqueira JM, Castro AHF, Matos NA, Klein A, Silva DB, Carollo CA, Soares AC (2017) Peripheral and central antinociceptive effects of the butanolic fraction of Byrsonima verbascifolia leaves on nociception-induced models in mice. Inflammopharmacology 25:81–90

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sistla R, Tata VSSK, Kashyap YV, Chandrasekar D, Diwan PV (2005) Development and validation of a reversed-phase HPLC method for the determination of ezetimibe in pharmaceutical dosage forms. J Pharm Biomed Anal 39:517–522

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang G, Li J, Xu Q, Xie H, Wang L, Zhang M (2022) Sodium aescinate alleviates bone cancer pain in rats by suppressing microglial activation via p38 MAPK/c-Fos signaling. Mol Cell Toxicol 18:605–614

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2021R1A6A1A03044501).

Funding

Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2021R1A6A1A03044501).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-Gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, 24252, Republic of Korea

    Hyun-Yong Kim, Seung Hwan Hwang, Soo Kyeong Lee & Soon Sung Lim

  2. Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Korea

    Hyun-Yong Kim & Jun Hong Park

  3. Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Guanglei Zuo

  4. Innovation Center of Translational Pharmacy, Jinhua Institute, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321016, China

    Guanglei Zuo

  5. Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 200-702, Republic of Korea

    Hee Jung Lee & Hong-Won Suh

  6. Institute of Korean Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-Gil, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea

    Soo Kyeong Lee & Soon Sung Lim

Authors
  1. Hyun-Yong Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Guanglei Zuo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hee Jung Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Seung Hwan Hwang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Soo Kyeong Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Jun Hong Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Hong-Won Suh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Soon Sung Lim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

HYK, GZ and HJL performed experimental work. SHH prepared traditional plant sample for experiment. HYK, GZ and SKL analyzed the data. HWS and SSL designed the study and supervised them. HYK prepared the manuscript for publication, and JHP and SSL reviewed the draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Soon Sung Lim.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

Author Hyun-Yong Kim declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Guanglei Zuo declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Hee Jung Lee declares that she has no conflict of interests. Author Seung Hwan Hwang declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Soo Kyeong Lee declares that she has no conflict of interest. Author Jun Hong Park declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Hong-Won Suh declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Soon Sung Lim declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

Animal protocols were approved by the Hallym University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (Registration Number: Hallym 2018–71).

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kim, HY., Zuo, G., Lee, H.J. et al. Evaluation of the antinociceptive effect and standardization of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco extract. Mol. Cell. Toxicol. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13273-023-00413-7

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13273-023-00413-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation