Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Influence of Structure, Roughness, Microhardness, and Friction Coefficient of Zinc Coating on the Tightening Torque of a Threaded Connection

  • Published:
Journal of Friction and Wear Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract—

Samples of fasteners were studied: bolts, nuts, and washers with a zinc coating applied in various ways, namely galvanic, thermal diffusion, gas thermal, hot galvanization in molten zinc and in melt galfan (Zn + 5% Al), as well as with zinc lamellar coating. Data on roughness, microhardness, and friction coefficient of zinc coatings were obtained. It has been established that the thermal diffusion coating has the greatest hardness, and the coating obtained by hot-dip galvanizing in molten zinc has the least hardness. Maximum roughness Ra is observed in gas-thermal and thermal-diffusion coatings. The lowest roughness is found in coatings obtained by hot-dip galvanizing and galvanic deposition. The friction coefficients of coatings were studied in finger-disk geometry for all types of coatings. It has been established that zinc-lamella and thermal diffusion coatings have the highest coefficient of friction, and the lowest, gas-thermal coating and those obtained by hot-dip galvanizing. The nominal tightening torques for M3, M10, and M16 bolts are calculated. It has been established that the tightening torque of coatings applied by hot-dip galvanizing in molten zinc and gas-thermal spraying complies with the standards of RD 37.001.131–89. For other coatings, the friction coefficient requires adjustment through the use of lubricants or the application of additional coatings. The results can be used when choosing a zinc coating for fasteners.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.

REFERENCES

  1. Polkin, V.I., Zinc for corrosion protection, Fundamenty, 2021, no. 1, pp. 68–71.

  2. Pola, A., Tocci, M., and Goodwin, F.E., Review of microstructures and properties of zinc alloys, Metals, 2020, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Chung, P.P., Wang, J., and Durandet, Y., Deposition processes and properties of coatings on steel fasteners, Friction, 2019, vol. 7, pp. 389–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Croccolo, D., De Agostinis, M., and Fini, S., Tribological properties of bolts depending on different screw coatings and lubrications: An experimental study, Tribol. Int., 2017, vol. 107, pp. 199–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Elmanov, I.M. and Darovskoi, G.V., Improvement of the accuracy of friction coefficient determination with Amsler-type friction machines, J. Frict. Wear, 2009, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 297–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Nassar, S.A. and Zaki, A.M., Effect of coating thickness on the friction coefficients and torque-tension relationship in threaded fasteners, J. Tribol., 2009, vol. 131, no. 2, pp. 205–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Jiang, K., Liu, Z., Yang, C., Zhang, C., and Tian, Y., Effects of the joint surface considering asperity interaction on the bolted joint performance in the bolt tightening process, Tribol. Int., 2022, vol. 167, pp. 160–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Buloichik, I.A. and Konstantinov, V.M., Influence of sherardizing on working properties of metal parts subjected to prior heat treatment, Lit’ye Metall., 2020, no. 4, pp. 131–138.

  9. Satyendra, Y., Performance observation of hot dip galvanization for steel sheets, Mater. Today: Proc., 2021, vol. 46, pp. 6700–6703.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Swain, R.K., Upadhyay, P., Nag, A., Banerjee, A., Bhagat, A.N., Basu, A., and Mallik, A., Electro-galvanization of zinc and zinc-nickel onto mild steel for improved corrosion resistance, Mater. Today: Proc., 2022, vol. 62, pp. 6257–6264.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Arman, S.Y., Ramezanzadeh, B., Farghadani, S., Mehdipour, M., and Rajabi, A., Application of the electrochemical noise to investigate the corrosion resistance of an epoxy zinc-rich coating loaded with lamellar aluminum and micaceous iron oxide particles, Corros. Sci., 2013, vol. 77, pp. 118–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Xiqiang, Z., Ruijie, L., Guanghua, L., and Wei, P., Zinc coating on steel by atmosphere plasma spray and their anti-corrosion behavior, Mater. Lett., 2022, vol. 314, pp. 3–7.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by ongoing institutional funding. No additional grants to carry out or direct this particular research were obtained.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Samara National Research University, 443086, Samara, Russia

    V. V. Efremov, O. S. Bondareva, O. S. Dobychina & C. K. Pilla

Authors
  1. V. V. Efremov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. O. S. Bondareva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. O. S. Dobychina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. C. K. Pilla
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to O. S. Bondareva.

Ethics declarations

The authors of this work declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note.

Allerton Press remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Efremov, V.V., Bondareva, O.S., Dobychina, O.S. et al. Influence of Structure, Roughness, Microhardness, and Friction Coefficient of Zinc Coating on the Tightening Torque of a Threaded Connection. J. Frict. Wear 44, 304–308 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068366623050021

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068366623050021

Keywords:

Search

Navigation