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Efficacy evaluation of anti-DEC-IgY against antibiotic-resistant diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli
Abstract
Introduction. The rise of multi-drug-resistant bacteria poses a global threat. In 2017, the World Health Organization identified 12 antibiotic-resistant ‘priority pathogens’, including Enterobacteriaceae, highlighting the menace of Gram-negative bacteria. Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC)-induced diarrhoea is particularly problematic for travellers and infants. In contrast to other antibiotic alternatives, passive immunotherapy is showing promise by providing immediate and precise protection. However, mammalian-sourced antibodies are costly, hindering large-scale production. Egg-laying chicken-derived IgY antibodies present a cost-effective, high-yield solution, revolutionizing antibody-based therapeutics compared to mammalian IgG.
Hypothesis/Gap Statement. This study hypothesized that developing anti-DEC-IgY could combat DEC infections effectively.
Aim. The primary aim was to develop anti-DEC-IgY and assess its potential in DEC-induced diarrhoeal management.
Method. Chickens were immunized with DEC antigens to induce an immune response. IgY antibodies were extracted from immune eggs and purified using ion-exchange column chromatography. Anti-DEC-IgY’s ability to inhibit DEC growth was evaluated through growth inhibition assays. Anti-DEC-IgY’s capacity to prevent E. coli adhesion was assessed using mice intestinal mucosa. In vivo experiments measured pathogen colonization reduction and infection severity reduction. P values were calculated to confirm statistical significance.
Result. The antibacterial efficacy of anti-DEC-IgY by growth inhibition assay demonstrated that 25 mg ml−1 of IgY could inhibit the DEC growth. The anti-adherence-property was tested using mice intestinal mucosa and found that anti-DEC-IgY could prevent the E. coli adhesion. In vivo results suggest that 12 mg ml−1 of IgY will reduce the pathogen colonization in intestine and reduce the severity of the infection. The P values between the experimental groups confirm the statistical significance of the findings.
Conclusion. The study findings suggest that IgY-based passive immunotherapy could be a potential strategy for managing the risks associated with antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Additionally, this study paves the way for the development of IgY-related research and applications in India.
- Received:
- Accepted:
- Published Online:
Funding
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Science and Engineering Research Board
(Award ECR/2018/002478)
- Principle Award Recipient: ThirumalaiDiraviyam
© 2024 The Authors