Skip to main content
Log in

Using alternating de Bruijn sequences to construct de Bruijn tori

  • Published:
Designs, Codes and Cryptography Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A de Bruijn torus is the two dimensional generalization of a de Bruijn sequence. While methods exist to generate these tori, only a few methods of construction are known. We present a novel method to generate de Bruijn tori with rectangular windows by combining two variants of de Bruijn sequences.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Notes

  1. The last row and column are adjacent to the first row and column respectively.

  2. \(\Pi \) being the rotations on strings of length r

  3. Here we use the variable convention in [4].

  4. i.e. we apply the cumulative rotations on each string.

  5. It is unknown how many de Bruijn families exist.

  6. Recall that i represents \(\pi _i\) etc.

References

  1. Bruckstein Alfred M., et al.: Simple and robust binary self-location patterns. IEEE Trans. Info. Theory 58(7), 4884–4889 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2012.2191699.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. Burns J., Mitchell C.J.: Coding schemes for two-dimensional position sensing. Technical Publications Department, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Chartrand G., Lesniak L., Zhang P.: Graphs & digraphs, vol. 39. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2010).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  4. Cock J.C.: Toroidal tilings from de Bruijn-Good cyclic sequences. Discret. Math. 70, 209–210 (1988).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. de Bruijn N.G.: A combinatorial problem. Indagationes Math 49(1), 758–764 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Etzion T.: Constructions for perfect maps and pseudorandom arrays. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 34(5), 1308–1316 (1988).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. Fan C.T., et al.: On de Bruijn arrays. Ars Combinatoria 19A, 205–213 (1985).

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  8. Flye Sainte-Marie C.: Solution to problem number. L’Intermediare des Mathematiciens 1, 107–110 (1894).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Grubman T., Ahmet Şekercioğlu Y., Wood D.R.: Partitioning de Bruijn graphs into fixed-length cycles for robot identification and tracking. Discret. Appl. Math. 213, 101–113 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dam.2016.05.013.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. Horan V., Stevens B.: Locating patterns in the de Bruijn torus. Discret. Math. 339(4), 1274–1282 (2016).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. Hurlbert G.H., Isaak G.: New constructions for De Bruijn tori. Des. Codes Cryptogr. 6, 47–56 (1995).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Paterson K.G.: New classes of perfect maps I. J. Comb. Theory Ser. A 73(2), 302–334 (1996).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Paterson K.G.: New classes of perfect maps II. J. Comb. Theory Ser. A 73(2), 335–345 (1996).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Pudwell L., Rockey R.: de Bruijn Arrays for L-Fillings. In: Mathematics Magazine 87(1), pp. 57–60 (2014). http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.4169/math.mag.87.1.57 (visited on 10/27/2022).

  15. Shibata Y., Hasunuma T., Fukuda S.: Isomorphic factorization of de Bruijn digraphs. Discret. Math. 218(1–3), 199–208 (2000).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the University of Guelph for the opportunity to research these construction methods. We would also like to thank Daniel Ashlock for leading our research into this direction. Matthew Kreitzer was supported by the Ontario Graduate Scholarship (OGS) program. Mihai Nica was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery grant RGPIN-2021-02533. Rajesh Pereira was supported by the NSERC Discovery grant RGPIN-2022-04149.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mihai Nica.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Communicated by J. Jedwab.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kreitzer, M., Nica, M. & Pereira, R. Using alternating de Bruijn sequences to construct de Bruijn tori. Des. Codes Cryptogr. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10623-023-01351-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10623-023-01351-0

Keywords

Mathematics Subject Classification

Navigation