Abstract
Rainfall seasonality in Serbia is examined trough the analysis of several indices: seasonality index (SI), individual seasonality index (\({SI}_{i})\), and replicability index (RI). Based on data from 14 synoptic stations that are well distributed over Serbian territory, spatial distribution of general seasonality index \(\overline{SI}\), mean individual seasonality index \(\overline{{SI }_{ind}}\), and \(RI\) are analyzed in two subperiods (1961–1990 and 1991–2020). The modified Mann–Kendall test (MMK) and Sen’s slope methods are used to investigate the possible trends and its magnitudes in time series of \({SI}_{i}\). The values of \(\overline{SI}\) show that precipitation regime in Serbia is very equitable or equitable with definite wetter season. For the entire Serbian territory, the values of RI are low, indicating that the month of maximum rainfall occurs over large spread of months along the studied periods. The existence of significant negative correlation between RI and longitude is found. Results show a highest influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation and East Atlantic/West Russia pattern on rainfall seasonality in Serbia.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia which provided the data necessary for this study. The authors are grateful for valuable comments and suggestions of two anonymous reviewers.
Funding
TS, LdSA, ASAdS, and BS acknowledge support of Brazilian agencies CAPES and CNPq (grant nos. 308782/2022–4 and 309499/2022–4). MT, IL, SP, VDj, and IT acknowledge support of the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia, grant no. 451–03-47/2023–01/200162.
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Conceptualization and methodology: TS; data collection: MT, IL, SP, and IT; formal analysis and software: MT, IL, LdSA, ASAdS, VD, and BS; analysis was performed by all authors. All authors write, read and approved the final manuscript.
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Stosic, T., Tošić, M., Lazić, I. et al. Changes in rainfall seasonality in Serbia from 1961 to 2020. Theor Appl Climatol 155, 4123–4138 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-024-04871-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-024-04871-4