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Diphenyl Diselenide Attenuates Mitochondrial Damage During Initial Hypoxia and Enhances Resistance to Recurrent Hypoxia

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Abstract

Hypoxia plays a significant role in the development of various cerebral diseases, many of which are associated with the potential risk of recurrence due to mitochondrial damage. Conventional drug treatments are not always effective for hypoxia-related brain diseases, necessitating the exploration of alternative compounds. In this study, we investigated the potential of diphenyl diselenide [(PhSe)2] to ameliorate locomotor impairments and mitigate brain mitochondrial dysfunction in zebrafish subjected to hypoxia. Additionally, we explored whether these improvements could confer resistance to recurrent hypoxia. Through a screening process, an appropriate dose of (PhSe)2 was determined, and animals exposed to hypoxia received a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg of the compound or vehicle. After 1 h from the injection, evaluations were conducted on locomotor deficits, (PhSe)2 content, mitochondrial electron transport system, and mitochondrial viability in the brain. The animals were subsequently exposed to recurrent hypoxia to assess the latency time to hypoxia symptoms. The findings revealed that (PhSe)2 effectively crossed the blood–brain barrier, attenuated locomotor deficits induced by hypoxia, and improved brain mitochondrial respiration by modulating complex III. Furthermore, it enhanced mitochondrial viability in the telencephalon, contributing to greater resistance to recurrent hypoxia. These results demonstrate the beneficial effects of (PhSe)2 on both hypoxia and recurrent hypoxia, with cerebral mitochondria being a critical target of its action. Considering the involvement of brain hypoxia in numerous pathologies, (PhSe)2 should be further tested to determine its effectiveness as a potential treatment for hypoxia-related brain diseases.

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Funding

This work was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), INCT-Excitoxicidade e Neuroproteção and by FINEP research grant “Rede Instituto Brasileiro de Neurociência (IBN-Net)” # 01.06.0842–00.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica E Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil

    Guilherme S. Rieder, Marcos M. Braga & João Batista T. Rocha

  2. Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

    Ben Hur M. Mussulini, Emerson S. Silva, Gabriela Lazzarotto, Emerson André Casali, Diogo L. Oliveira & Diogo O. G. Souza

  3. Universidade Federal Do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil

    Jeferson L. Franco

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  1. Guilherme S. Rieder
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  2. Marcos M. Braga
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  3. Ben Hur M. Mussulini
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  4. Emerson S. Silva
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  6. Emerson André Casali
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  7. Diogo L. Oliveira
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  8. Jeferson L. Franco
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  9. Diogo O. G. Souza
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  10. João Batista T. Rocha
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Contributions

GSR, MMB, JBTR. Conceived and designed the experiments. GSR, MMB, BHMM, ESS, GL, EAC. Performed the experiments. GSR, MMB, BHMM, GL, ESS, EAC. Analyzed the data. JBTR, DLO, DOS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. GSR, MMB, JLF, DLO, DOS, JBTR. Wrote the paper. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to João Batista T. Rocha.

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Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical Statement for Neurotoxicity Research

I testify on behalf of all co-authors that our article submitted to Neurotoxicity Research has been reviewed and approved for publication in its current form. All animal experiments described were approved by the Ethics Committee of Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (number 2523130115 – CEUA) and were carried out in accordance with the National Research Council Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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• (PhSe)2 promoted greater resistance to recurrent hypoxia.

• (PhSe)2 increased the respiration of brain mitochondria.

• (PhSe)2 has been shown to be effective in attenuating damage caused by hypoxia.

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Rieder, G.S., Braga, M.M., Mussulini, B.H.M. et al. Diphenyl Diselenide Attenuates Mitochondrial Damage During Initial Hypoxia and Enhances Resistance to Recurrent Hypoxia. Neurotox Res 42, 13 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-024-00691-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-024-00691-6

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