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Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Laser Beam Welded AlxCoCrFeNi High Entropy Alloys

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Abstract

AlxCoCrFeNi high entropy alloy (HEA) system has received extensive attention of researchers as it shows a dynamic change in phase fraction and properties in response to variation in the Al content. In this study, AlxCoCrFeNi HEAs were welded using a laser beam welding and microstructural evolution and mechanical properties were studied using X-ray diffraction, electron backscatter diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, hardness and tensile tests. Results revealed that, the laser-welded Al0.3 alloy exhibited an increased tensile strength but a minor decrease in ductility as compared to that of the base metal (BM) Conversely, the laser-welded Al0.5 and Al0.7 alloys, characterized by a dual-phase structure, demonstrated a simultaneous decrease in both strength and ductility. The hardness of Al0.3 increased from 156 HV for base metal (BM) to 197 HV for weld zone (WZ). A drastic drop in the hardness in the fusion zone was observed for Al0.5 (from 242 HV for BM to 212 HV for WZ) and Al0.7 (from 387 HV for BM to 260 HV for WZ). The decrease in hardness for welded Al0.5 and Al0.7 alloy may be attributed to reduced fraction of secondary BCC/B2 phase in the microstructure. Texture analysis of the welded samples reveals columnar grains with a \(<100>\parallel {\text{ND}}\) texture fibre in the welded Al0.3 and Al0.5 alloys. However, the welded Al0.7 alloy has a dendritic structure with random texture due to the enhanced rate of constitutional supercooling arising from the higher fraction of secondary phases. The combined effect of changes in phase distribution, texture, and grain size might be the reasons for the variation in mechanical properties of the welded alloy.

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Acknowledgements

This study received support from the Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Pune, under the grant DIAT/F/Adm/Project/OM/Mate/Corr/P49 and NRB-501/MAT/22-23. The authors extend their deep appreciation to Dr. C.P. Ramanarayanan, Vice Chancellor of DIAT (DU), for his invaluable support throughout this research endeavor. Additionally, the authors express their gratitude to the Director of the Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory (DMRL) and Dr. I. Balasundar for granting access to the heat treatment facility, which was instrumental in the execution of this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Pune, India

    Ayush Sourav & Shanmugasundaram Thangaraju

  2. Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory (DMRL), Hyderabad, India

    Arout Chelvane & V. L. Niranjani

  3. International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), DST, Hyderabad, India

    Baswanta Patil

  4. Light Metals and Alloys Research Lab, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India

    Somjeet Biswas

  5. Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, Chennai, India

    V. Karthik

  6. Magod Fusion Technology Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India

    H. Natu

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Sourav, A., Chelvane, A., Niranjani, V.L. et al. Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Laser Beam Welded AlxCoCrFeNi High Entropy Alloys. Met. Mater. Int. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-023-01621-5

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