Abstract
The hygroscopic and moisture-dependent mechanical characteristics of small-leaved lime wood (Tilia cordata) were investigated experimentally. This study includes sorption, swelling and shrinkage experiments, as well as tension and compression tests in the three principal anatomical directions at four relative humidity levels. Four sample groups from trees of three different locations in Germany were used. The findings are comparable to those of earlier studies. The hygro-expansion anisotropy is relatively small. Young’s moduli at tension/compression decreased by about 52 %/64 % in radial, 19 %/48 % in tangential and 16 %/58 % in longitudinal direction for an increase of moisture content from 10 % (65 % RH) to 20 % (95 % RH). Tension strengths/compression yield stresses decreased by about 25 %/45 % in radial, 9 %/42 % in tangential, and 32 % (compression) in longitudinal direction, respectively. These parameters increased with an increasing density. Based on the mechanical tests, Young’s modulus, tension strength and compression yield stress were derived as density- and moisture-dependent material model parameters. Shear modulus and shear strength were estimated by a theoretical approach. The experimental and modelling study was accompanied by a literature survey on characteristics of lime wood relevant for hygro-mechanical material modelling.
Funding source: Sächsisches Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst
Award Identifier / Grant number: 100371102
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Research ethics: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: DK conceptualised and wrote the original draft, considering contributions of BG, and did the formal analysis; DK, BG, and JG designed the methodology; BG and JG carried out the experimental investigation; WS and MK were responsible for the funding acquisition; DK, WS and MK led the project administration; all authors contributed to review & editing of the manuscript. The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Competing interests: The authors state no competing interests.
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Research funding: This project was funded by the Saxon State Ministry of Science, Culture and Tourism with tax funds using the budget approved by the Landtag of the Free State of Saxony, Sächsische Aufbaubank [project number 100371102].
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Data availability: The raw data are published in the Supplementary Material to this article or can be provided upon request.
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Supplementary Material
This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2023-0029).
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