Abstract
The volumetric properties of liquid indium-lead alloys containing 20 and 33 at. % Pb have been measured using gamma-ray attenuation technique at temperatures from the liquidus line to 880 K. The density changes of these alloys during solid–liquid phase transition have been calculated. The obtained experimental values of the molar volume and the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient of melts and the results of calculations according to the laws for an ideal solution and data of other authors have been compared.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
G. Humpston and D.M. Jacobson, Indium solders, Advanced Materials and Processes, 2005, Vol. 163, P. 45–47.
Yu.P. Perelygin and Yu.N. Kirilina, Physico-mechanical and chemical properties of electroplated alloy indium–lead, Galvanotekhnika i Obrabotka Poverkhnosti, 2018, Vol. 26, No. 3, P. 4–9.
R.T. Howard, Optimization of indium-lead alloys for controlled collapse chip connection application, IBM J. Research and Development, 1982, Vol. 26, No. 3, P. 372–378.
L. Goldmann, R. Herdzik, N. Koopman, and V. Marcotte, Lead-indium for controlled-collapse chip joining, IEEE Transactions on Parts, Hybrids, and Packaging, 1977, Vol. 13, No. 3, P. 194–198.
F.G. Yost, Soldering to gold films: The importance of lead-indium alloys, Gold Bulletin, 1977, Vol. 10, P. 94–100.
A.R. El-Sayed, E.M. Ibrahim, H.S. Mohran, M. Ismael, and H.A.S. Shilkamy, Effect of indium alloying with lead on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of lead-indium alloys in sulfuric acid solution, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2015, Vol. 46, P. 1995–2006.
B. Predel and A. Emam, Die Volumenänderung bei der Bildung flüssiger Legierungen der Systeme Ga-In, Ga-Sn, In-Bi, In-Pb, In-Sn und In-Tl, J. of the Less Common Metals, 1969, Vol. 18, No. 4. P. 385–397.
J.P. Nabot and I. Ansara, The In-Pb (Indium-Lead) system, Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams, 1987, Vol. 8, No. 3, P. 246–255.
R.A. Khairulin, S.V. Stankus, and A.S. Kosheleva, The interdiffusion in melts of tin-lead system of eutectic and near-eutectic composition, High Temperature, 2008, Vol. 46, No. 2, P. 212–217.
S.V. Stankus and R.A. Khairulin, Measurement of the thermal properties of platinum in the temperature interval 293–2300 K by the method of penetrating radiation, High Temperature, 1992, Vol. 30, No. 3, P. 386–391.
S.V. Stankus, R.A. Khairulin, and P.S. Popel, The technique of experimental determination of the density of solid and liquid Materials by a gamma method, GSSSD ME 206–2013, Standartinform, Moscow, 2013.
S.V. Stankus and P.V. Tyagelsky, Thermal expansion anomalies of semimetals in the liquid state, Melts, 1991, No. 2, P. 14–19.
S.V. Stankus and R.A. Khairulin, The density of alloys of tin-lead system in the solid and liquid states, High Temperature, 2006, Vol. 44, No. 3, P. 389–395.
W.A. Badawi, Behaviors of the enthalpies of mixing and formation in the system lead-indium, Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1989, Vol. 62, No. 1, P. 285–289.
J.F. Rialland and J.C. Perron, Viscosities of indium-lead liquid alloys, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 1974, Vol. 5, P. 2401–2403.
Y.S. Touloukian, R.K. Kirby, R.E. Taylor, and P.D. Desai, Thermal Expansion: Metallic Elements and Alloys, Thermophys. Prop. Matter., Vol. 12, Plenum Press, N.Y., 1975.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This work was carried out under the state contract with IT SB RAS (121031800219-2).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Abdullaev, R.N., Khairulin, R.A. & Stankus, S.V. Density and thermal expansion of indium–lead melts. Thermophys. Aeromech. 30, 961–966 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869864323050153
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869864323050153