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Natural Activators of Autophagy

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Abstract

Autophagy is the process by which cell contents, such as aggregated proteins, dysfunctional organelles, and cell structures are sequestered by autophagosome and delivered to lysosomes for degradation. As a process that allows the cell to get rid of non-functional components that tend to accumulate with age, autophagy has been associated with many human diseases. In this regard, the search for autophagy activators and the study of their mechanism of action is an important task for treatment of many diseases, as well as for increasing healthy life expectancy. Plants are rich sources of autophagy activators, containing large amounts of polyphenolic compounds in their composition, which can be autophagy activators in their original form, or can be metabolized by the intestinal microbiota to active compounds. This review is devoted to the plant-based autophagy activators with emphasis on the sources of their production, mechanism of action, and application in various diseases. The review also describes companies commercializing natural autophagy activators.

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Abbreviations

Akt:

RAC-α serine/threonine protein kinase

AMPK:

AMP-activated protein kinase

BECN1:

beclin-1

LC3:

microtubule-associated protein light chain 3

LKB1:

liver kinase B1

mTOR:

mammalian target of rapamycin

mTORC1:

mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1

p62/SQSTM1:

sequestosome 1

p70S6K:

ribosomal protein S6 kinase

PI3K:

phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase

PINK1:

PTEN-induced protein kinase 1

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SIRT1:

sirtuin 1

TFE3:

transcription factor E3

TFEB:

transcription factor EB

UA:

urolithin A

Ub:

ubiquitin

ULK1:

unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase 1

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to all research team and to academicians A. G. Gabibov and A. A. Makarov for fruitful discussions.

Funding

This work was financially supported by the company EFKO.

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    1. Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143025, Skolkovo, Russia

      Julia A. Pavlova, Ekaterina A. Guseva, Olga A. Dontsova & Petr V. Sergiev

    2. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

      Julia A. Pavlova, Ekaterina A. Guseva, Olga A. Dontsova & Petr V. Sergiev

    3. Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

      Julia A. Pavlova, Ekaterina A. Guseva, Olga A. Dontsova & Petr V. Sergiev

    4. Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997, Moscow, Russia

      Olga A. Dontsova

    5. Institute of Functional Genomics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

      Petr V. Sergiev

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    Pavlova, J.A., Guseva, E.A., Dontsova, O.A. et al. Natural Activators of Autophagy. Biochemistry Moscow 89, 1–26 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297924010012

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297924010012

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