Abstract
As one of the most important disease vectors worldwide, ticks can transmit a number of pathogenic organisms to humans and domestic animals and cause a variety of important natural focal diseases and zoonoses. Domestic livestock play a vital role in the dispersal of ticks from the field environment to the human settlement, contributing to the prevalence of tick-borne diseases. Identification of the tick control region could contribute a vital role in strategic planning and cost-effective tick control measures. However, little is known about the spatial distribution characteristics of ticks around livestock sheds, which will lead to abusage and overuse of insecticides. Therefore, this study aimed to explore spatial distribution characteristics and correlation factors of ticks around goat sheds. A total of 3898 ticks were collected from eight goat sheds from April to June in Jinan city. All the sampled ticks belonged to the same species, namely Haemaphysalis longicornis, and 88.8% of them were nymphs. A significant positive correlation was noted between free-living ticks and parasitic ticks (r = 0.411, P < 0.001). However, there was a significant negative correlation between number of free-living ticks and distance from the goat sheds (r = -0.622, P < 0.001). Within 20 m from the goat sheds, 2211 ticks were collected respectively, representing 56.7% of the total free-living ticks. At a distance of 30 m, 57.6% decline in the tick density was found with a significant difference (q = 5.534, P < 0.001). In conclusion, focusing control efforts near the goat sheds should be recommend for tick prevention and control.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bush AO, Lafferty KD, Lotz JM, Shostak AW (1997) Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis. Revisit J Parasitol 83:575–583. https://doi.org/10.2307/3284227
Chen Z, Li SS, Liu JZ (2011) Illustrated keys to families and genera of the superfamily Ixodoidea under new taxonomic system. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis 29:302–304
Chen Z, Liu Q, Liu JQ, Xu BL, Lv S, Xia S, Zhou XN (2014) Tick-borne pathogens and associated co-infections in ticks collected from domestic animals in central China. Parasite Vector. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-237
Dantas-Torres F, Lia RP, Capelli G, Otranto D (2013) Efficiency of flagging and dragging for tick collection. Exp Appl Acarol 61:119–127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-013-9671-0
George JE, Pound JM, Rb D (2004) Chemical control of ticks on cattle and the resistance of these parasites to acaricides. Parasitology 129:299–307. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182003004682
Gono RK, Chireshe F, Muzondiwa JV, Sichewo P (2014) Acaricide resistance in two tick species of veterinary importance in Zimbabwe: a case study of tick resistance to amitraz in the Mazowe district. Midlands State Univ J Sci 5:111–120
Greenfield BPJ (2011) Environmental parameters affecting tick (Ixodes ricinus) distribution during the summer season in Richmond Park, London. Bioscience Horizons 4:140–148. https://doi.org/10.1093/biohorizons/hzr016
Guan GQ, Moreau E, Liu JL, Hao XF, Ma ML, Luo JX, Chauvin A, Yin H (2010) Babesia sp. BQ1 (Lintan): molecular evidence of experimental transmission to sheep by Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis and Haemaphysalis longicornis. Parasitol Int 59:265–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2009.12.002
Kusakisako K, Maeda H, Galay RL, Matsuo T, Tsujio M, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Mochizuki M, Fujisaki K, Tanaka T (2016) The vector potential of Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks for Babesia microti parasites under experimental condition. J Protozool Res 25:8–17. https://doi.org/10.32268/jprotozoolres.25.1-2_8
Liu LM, Liu JN, Liu Z, Yu ZJ, Xu SQ, Yang XH, Li T, Guo LD, Liu JZ (2013) Microbial communities and symbionts in the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) from north China. Parasite Vector. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-310
Lu BL, Wu HY (2003) Classification and identification of important medical insects of China. Henan Science and Technology Press, Zhengzhou
Luo LM, Li Z, Wen HL, Zhang ZT, Liu JW, Fang LZ, Xue ZF, Ma DQ, Zhang XS, Ding SJ, Lei XY, Yu XJ (2015) Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks as reservoir and vector of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in China. Emerg Infect Dis 21:1770–1776. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2110.150126
Matsumoto K, Takeuchi T, Yokoyama N, Katagiri Y, Ooshiro M, Zakimi S, Kawamori F, Ohashi N, Inokuma H (2011) Detection of the new Ehrlichia species closely related to Ehrlichia ewingii from Haemaphysalis longicornis in Yonaguni Island, Okinawa, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 73:1485–1488. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.11-0007
Rehman A, Nijhof AM, Sauter-Louis C, Schauer B, Staubach C, Conraths FJ (2017) Distribution of ticks infesting ruminants and risk factors associated with high tick prevalence in livestock farms in the semi-arid and arid agro-ecological zones of Pakistan. Parasite Vector. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2138-0
Rinaldi L, Morgoglione ME, Noviello E, Bosco A, Prestera G, Cringoli G (2014) Ixodidae ticks in sheep and cattle in the Basilicata region (southern Italy). Parasite Vector. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-S1-P8
Rochlin I, Toledo A (2020) Emerging tick-borne pathogens of public health importance: a mini-review. J Med Microbiol 69:781–791. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001206
Rodríguez-Vivas RI, Hodgkinson JE, Trees AJ (2012) Acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus: current status and mechanisms of resistance. Rev Mex Cienc Pecu 3:9–24
Smith RP Jr, Rand PW, Lacombe EH, Morris SR, Holmes DW, Caporale DA (1996) Role of bird migration in the long-distance dispersal of Ixodes dammini, the vector of Lyme disease. J Infect Dis 174:221–224. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/174.1.221
Springer A, Glass A, Topp AK, Strube C (2020) Zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in temperate and cold regions of Europe - a review on the prevalence in domestic animals. Front Vet Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.604910
Sun JM, Liu QY, Lu L, Ding GQ, Guo JQ, Fu GM, Zhang JB, Meng FX, Wu HX, Song XP, Ren DS, Li DM, Guo YH, Wang J, Li GC, Liu JL, Lin HL (2008) Coinfection with four genera of bacteria (Borrelia, Bartonella, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia) in Haemaphysalis longicornis and Ixodes sinensis ticks from China. Vector Borne Zoonot 8:791–795. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2008.0005
Wang LY, Yang ZD, Sun Y, Zhuang L, Tang F, Cui N, Qin SL, Wang BJ, Liu W (2014) Survey and genetic analysis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from Haemaphysalis longicornis. Chin J Pathog Biol 9:629–632. https://doi.org/10.13350/j.cjpb.140713
Wang D, Wang YM, Yang GL, Liu HY, Xin Z (2016) Ticks and tick-borne novel bunyavirus collected from the natural environment and domestic animals in Jinan city, East China. Exp Appl Acarol 68:213–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-015-9992-2
Yang JF, Tian HL, Guo RP, Zhang XG, Xu XT (2015) Identification of tick species and epidemiological survey of ovine theileria parasite infection in Shandong province. Chin J Vet Sci 35:930–937. https://doi.org/10.16303/j.cnki.1005-4545.2015.06.17
Yu Z, Zheng H, Yang X, Chen Z, Wang D, Hao M, Yang Y, Liu J (2011) Seasonal abundance and activity of the tick Dermacentor silvarum in northern China. Med Vet Entomol 25:25–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2010.00916.x
Zhang YK, Zhang XY, Liu JZ (2019) Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea) in China: geographical distribution, host diversity, and specificity. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.21544
Zhao Q, Gao LJ, Tang ZQ, Zhang YQ, Guo XS, Liu JQ (2015) Investigation of species, temporal and spatial distribution of ticks in Henan province, China. Chin J Vector Biol Control 26:75–77. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2015.01.020
Zheng HY, Yu ZJ, Zhou LF, Yang XL, Liu JZ (2012) Seasonal abundance and activity of the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) in North China. Exp Appl Acarol 56:133–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-011-9505-x
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Jinan Municipal Health Commission Science and Technology Plan Project (2020-3-51).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors were involved in conducting the field trial and reviewed the manuscript. Dong Wang, Fange Meng and Ling Wei wrote the main manuscript text. Xiao Zhang and Zheng Xin prepared Figs. 1 and 2; Tables 1, 2 and 3.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest related to this paper.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, D., Meng, F., Zhang, X. et al. Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of Haemaphysalis longicornis around goat sheds in Jinan city, East China. Exp Appl Acarol 92, 297–305 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-023-00898-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-023-00898-w