Abstract
Oxbow wetlands have been restored in the Midwestern United States to provide habitat for wetland-dependent species and to sequester contaminants originating from agricultural activities. Intensive agriculture may have adverse impacts on oxbow functions, especially if wetlands receive water inputs from subsurface drainage systems (e.g., tile drainage). To explore the influence of tile drainage on oxbow wetland communities, we quantified relationships between physical and biotic variables in 12 Iowa, USA oxbows over a two-year period (June to August 2019–2020). Six oxbows received direct water inputs from tile drainage (multipurpose oxbows), whereas remaining sites did not (non-tiled oxbows). In each oxbow, we measured physical variables and documented taxonomic composition, diversity, and abundance of macrophytes, macroinvertebrates, and fishes. Although water temperature was lower in multipurpose oxbows, values for other physical variables (e.g., turbidity, conductivity, and total dissolved solids) were similar across sites. No significant difference was detected for any biotic variable between oxbow types. In total, we observed 44 invertebrate taxa in both oxbow types with an average richness of 18.6 in non-tiled oxbows and 17.5 in tile-fed oxbows. We sampled 35 fish species, with an average richness across sampling dates of 8.2 in non-tiled oxbows and 11.4 in multipurpose oxbows. A total of 2682 Topeka shiners were found in both non-tiled and multipurpose oxbows. Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed that potential physical determinants of macrophyte, invertebrate, and fish abundance were unrelated to tile drainage. Tile drainage had negligible impacts on coarse physical characteristics, taxa richness (fish and macroinvertebrates) and abundance (fish and macroinvertebrates).
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Data Availability
The datasets that we generated during this study will be available on Dryad upon publication of this manuscript.
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Acknowledgements
We wholeheartedly thank the various landowners who made this study possible. Additionally, we thank S. Grinstead, W. Quick, and C. Wood, whose tireless work in the field and lab helped provide the data necessary to complete this manuscript. Finally, this effort was supported by collaboration from The Nature Conservancy, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and United States Geological Survey, as well as funding from Iowa Soybean Association and Syngenta.
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This work was supported by a grant from the Iowa Soybean Association.
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All authors contributed to the formation and design of this study. Data collection, analysis, and interpretation were performed by Samuel Leberg and Dylan Osterhaus. Field contacts, permits, and grants were coordinated by Clay Pierce and Timothy Stewart. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Samuel Leberg. Dylan Osterhaus, Clay Pierce, and Tim Stewart commented on previous manuscript drafts. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Leberg, S.S., Osterhaus, D.M., Pierce, C.L. et al. Restored Oxbow Wetlands within an Agricultural Landscape: Using Physical and Biological Characteristics to Evaluate Impacts of Tile Drainage Input. Wetlands 44, 27 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-024-01783-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-024-01783-x