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Fusarium wilt pandemic: current understanding and molecular perspectives

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Abstract

Plant diseases pose a severe threat to the food security of the global human population. One such disease is Fusarium wilt, which affects many plant species and causes up to 100% yield losses. Fusarium pathogen has high variability in its genetic constitution; therefore, it has evolved into different physiological races to infect different plant species spread across the different geographical regions of the world. The pathogen mainly affects plant roots, leading to colonizing and blocking vascular bundle cells, specifically xylem vessels. This blocking results in chlorosis, vascular discoloration, leaf wilting, shortening of plant, and, in severe cases, premature plant death. Due to the soil-borne nature of the wilt pathogen, neither agronomic nor plant protection measures effectively reduce the incidence of the disease. Therefore, the most cost-effective management strategy for Fusarium wilt is developing varieties resistant to a particular race of the fungus wilt prevalent in a given region. This strategy requires understanding the pathogen, its disease cycle, and epidemiology with climate-changing scenarios. Hence, in the review, we will discuss the pathogenic aspect and genetics of the Fusarium wilt, including molecular interventions for developing climate-smart wilt tolerant/resistant varieties of crops. Overall, this review will add to our knowledge for advancing the breeding of resistance against the wilt pandemic.

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Funding

This study did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Author notes

  1. Dalpat Lal, Devanshu Dev and Saurabh Pandey are contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Agriculture, Jodhpur, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 342304, Rajasthan, India

    Dalpat Lal

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, 813210, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India

    Devanshu Dev

  3. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, CBS&H, RPCAU-Pusa, Samastipur, India

    Sarita Kumari

  4. Department of Agriculture, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India

    Saurabh Pandey

  5. Department of Agriculture, Jagan Nath University, Chaksu, Jaipur, India

    Aparna & Nilesh Sharma

  6. Department of Plant Pathology, PGCA, RPCAU, Pusa, 848125, Samastipur, Bihar, India

    Sudha Nandni

  7. Centre for Advanced Studies On Climate Change, RPCAU, Pusa, 848125, Samastipur, Bihar, India

    Ratnesh Kumar Jha & Ashutosh Singh

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  1. Dalpat Lal
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  9. Ashutosh Singh
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Contributions

D.L., D.D., A.N., and N.S. wrote the manuscript, S.K., and S.N., prepared the figures; S.P., and R.K.J. edited the manuscript; A.S. conceptualized and outlined the article.

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Correspondence to Ashutosh Singh.

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Lal, D., Dev, D., Kumari, S. et al. Fusarium wilt pandemic: current understanding and molecular perspectives. Funct Integr Genomics 24, 41 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-024-01319-w

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