Abstract
Nonapomictic citrus tetraploids are desirable in citrus breeding for the production of triploid, seedless varieties, and polyploid rootstocks. However, only a few lines have been reported, and they were all generated using chemical methods. A 2x + 4 × cytochimera of the nonapomictic citrus variety ‘Orah’ mandarin, which developed from a bud mutant, was found due to its morphology differing from that of diploid plants and characterised via ploidy analysis combining flow cytometry and chromosome observation. The chimaera was stable, and there were 1.86–1.90 times as tetraploid cells as diploid cells. Anatomical structure observation revealed that the ‘Orah’ chimaera may be a periclinal chimaera with diploid cells in the L1 layer and tetraploid cells in the L2 and L3 layers. The chimaera showed some typical traits of polyploid plants, including thicker shoots, wider and thicker leaves, larger flowers and fruits, and fewer but larger seeds in fruits than in diploid plants. Almost all the seeds of the chimaera were monoembryonic. Most of the self-pollinated progenies of the chimaera were identified as tetraploids, and some triploid, pentaploid, and hexaploid plants were found. As a female, the chimaera produced allotriploids when crossed with Australian finger lime. In addition, 6 plants developed from polyembryonic seeds of the chimaera were identified as sexual tetraploid progenies with low-level recombinant genomes. Therefore, the ‘Orah’ 2x + 4 × chimaera can be used as a female parent to produce hybrid triploid and tetraploid citrus plants with high efficiency. Identification of the chimaera demonstrated that tetraploid citrus plants, especially nonapomictic varieties, can be generated from shoot bud mutants.
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The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank their colleagues for their support of this work and Lang Li and Sijixiang Garden for supplying materials.
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This work was supported by the following project: the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (SWU120020). Jiangbo Dang has received research support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
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All the authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Jiangbo Dang and Cai Li. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Jiangbo Dang. Danni Sun carried out most supplemental experiments during the revision. Qigao Guo reviewed the manuscript. Guolu Liang supervised the project and reviewed the manuscript. All the authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Dang, J., Li, C., Sun, D. et al. A tetraploid-dominated cytochimera developed from a natural bud mutant of the nonapomictic mandarin variety ‘Orah’. Mol Breeding 44, 20 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-024-01456-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-024-01456-x